Diabetes

Question 1

Types of diabetes

Answer 1

Type 1 destruction on b-cells

Type 2 defected insulin action

Question 2

% of cases

Answer 2

5-10 % type 1

Type 2 90%

Question 3

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 3

Overweight 
Inactivity 
Previously identified glucose intolerance 
Metabolic syndrome 
Diet
Smoking

Question 4

Non Modifiable risk factors

Answer 4

Ethnicity 
Family history 
Age 
Gender
Inflammation 
History of gestational diabetes

Question 5

Levels of hbA1c

Answer 5

Normal below 5.7%
Pre diabetes 5.7-6.4%
Diabetes above 6.5%

Question 6

Levels of fasting glucose

Answer 6

Normal above 5.6
Pre-diabetes 5.6-6.9
Diabetes above 7

Question 7

2hr plasma glucose

Answer 7

Normal below 7.8
Pre-diabetes 7.8-11
Diabetes above 11.1

Question 8

Acute effects of diabetes

Answer 8

Hyperglycaemia

Hypoglycaemia

Question 9

Chronic effects

Answer 9

Macro vascular

Micro vascular

Question 10

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 10

Diabetes out of control
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 11

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 11

Autonomic

Neuroglycopenic

Question 12

Macro vascular disease

Answer 12

Affects major blood vessels

Question 13

Micro vascular

Answer 13

Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy

Question 14

Acute effects of exercise on diabetes

Answer 14

Translocation of glut 4
Increased
Blood flow
Increased insulin sensitivity

Question 15

Chronic effects of exercise on diabetes

Answer 15

Glut 4 within muscle 
Increased
Muscle mass
Capillary density 
Improved body comp 
Blood pressure
Vasomotor control

Question 16

What is diabetes

Answer 16

Abnormal glucose metabolism resulting from defects in insulin release action or both