Arthrotis

Question 1

Most common arthritis

Answer 1

Osteoarthritis

Question 2

Step 1 osteoarthritis

Answer 2

Cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans becomes abnormal

Question 3

Step 2 osteoarthritis

Answer 3

Initially increased in cartilage growth and bone density reducing space

Question 4

Step 3 osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Cartilage thins and cracks rough cartilage causes pain during movement

Question 5

Step 4 osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Bone starts to be worn down bone moves against bone increasing erosion and pain

Question 6

Step 5 osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Spurs develop to compensate = deformation = joint moves incorrectly = pain

Question 7

Step 6 osteoarthritis

Answer 7

Inflammation causes synovium to thicken ligaments become lax and muscles crossing joint over stretched causing weakness

Question 8

What is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 8

An autoimmune disease affecting whole body

Question 9

Can affect whole body

Answer 9

Inflammatory cytokines (TnF) produced by macrophages 
May cause myocardial damage and pericarditis affecting cv function 
May cause pleural fluid accumulation in lungs affecting function

Question 10

Stage 1 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 10

T cells in synovial fluid become corrupted and unable to distinguish between foreign and normal body cells

Question 11

Stage 2 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 11

Excessive production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) (IgG, IgM, and IgA) and inflammatory cytokines (TnF alpha)

Question 12

Stage 3 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

Excessive Ig causes abnormal growth and division of synovial cells

Question 13

Stage 4 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 13

Leukocytes migrate to joints release enzymes that cause synovitis

Question 14

Stage 5 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 14

Rheumatoid factor try’s to reduce Ig levels however some don’t have RF

Question 15

Stage 6 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 15

Inflammation accompanies thickening of the synovial membrane or joint lining

Question 16

Stage 7 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 16

The inflamed joint lining enters and damages bone cartilage

Question 17

Stage 8 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

Inflammatory cells release enzymes that gradually digest bone and cartilage

Question 18

Stage 9 rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

Space between joint diminishes and the joint loses shape and alignment

Question 19

Causes of arthritis

Answer 19

Age
Gender
Inactivity 
Obesity 
Overuse 
Infection 
Genetic predisposition

Question 20

How does age affect arthritis

Answer 20

Increased in elderly

Natural decline in glucosamine and chindrotin sulphate production

Question 21

Symptoms of arthritis

Answer 21

Pain and crepitation on movement 
Joints become enlarged and deformed 
Inflammation 
Ligaments become stretched = unstable
Decreased ROM or complete freezing

Question 22

Exercise facts with people with arthritis

Answer 22

Muscle strength by 25-50%
Less flexibility and ROM
lower peak vo2 20-30%

Question 23

Treatment non-exercise

Answer 23

Firm beds and chairs 
Heat
Massage
Drugs 
Weight loss 
Surgery

Question 24

Use of exercise arthritis

Answer 24

Increased joint mobility 
Increased strength 10-32%
Increased stability 
Increased absorption 
Reduced swelling 
Decreased body weight 
Increased bone density 
Decreased pain 
Increased capacity 17%
Decreased chd risk factors

Question 25

What is Arthritis

Answer 25

Chronic joint disorder characterised by degeneration of joint cartilage and adjacent bone that can cause joint stiffness and pain