diabetes

Question 1

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for diabetes?

Answer 1

Age, family history, and ethnicity.

Question 2

What are the medically modifiable risk factors for diabetes?

Answer 2

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and certain medications.

Question 3

What are the behaviorally modifiable risk factors for diabetes?

Answer 3

Poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity.

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology of diabetes?

Answer 4

Diabetes involves impaired insulin production or action, leading to hyperglycemia. Type 1 is an autoimmune condition, while Type 2 is often associated with insulin resistance.

Question 5

What are common comorbidities with diabetes?

Answer 5

cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity and neuropathy

Question 6

What are the markers of health/normative values for diabetes?

Answer 6

Fasting blood glucose: 70-99 mg/dL (normal)
HbA1c: <5.7% (normal)
Blood pressure: <120/80 mmHg (normal)

Question 7

What are PA/exercise options for individuals with diabetes?

Answer 7

Aerobic exercises like walking, swimming, and cycling, resistance training, and flexibility exercises.

Question 8

How would you construct a PA/exercise program for individuals with diabetes?

Answer 8

Include moderate-intensity aerobic exercise most days of the week, resistance training at least twice a week, and ensure proper foot care. Monitor blood glucose levels before and after exercise.

Question 9

How can you work with other professions to help manage diabetes?

Answer 9

Collaborate with endocrinologists, dietitians, diabetes educators, and podiatrists to provide a multidisciplinary approach to care.

Question 10

What are contraindications to exercise in individuals with diabetes?

Answer 10

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels, severe neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy.