CVDs

Question 1

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for CVDs?

Answer 1

Age, sex, family history, and genetic predisposition.

Question 2

What are the medically modifiable risk factors for CVDs

Answer 2

Hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.

Question 3

What are the behaviorally modifiable risk factors for CVDs?

Answer 3

Smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Question 4

What are common comorbidities with CVDs?

Answer 4

Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of CVDs?

Answer 5

CVDs are caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

Question 6

What are markers of health/normative values for CVDs?

Answer 6

Blood pressure (normal: <120/80 mmHg), cholesterol levels (LDL: <100 mg/dL, HDL: >60 mg/dL), and blood glucose levels (fasting: 70-99 mg/dL).

Question 7

How would you construct a PA/exercise program for individuals with CVDs?

Answer 7

Start with low-intensity aerobic exercise, gradually increasing duration and intensity. Include resistance training twice a week and flexibility exercises. Monitor vitals and adjust as needed.

Question 7

What are PA/exercise options for individuals with CVDs?

Answer 7

Aerobic exercises like walking, cycling, and swimming, as well as moderate resistance training.

Question 8

How can you work with other professions to help manage CVDs?

Answer 8

Collaborate with cardiologists, dietitians, and physiotherapists to create a comprehensive care plan. Ensure regular communication and updates on patient progress.

Question 9

What are contraindications to exercise in individuals with CVDs?

Answer 9

Uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, severe aortic stenosis, and recent myocardial infarction.