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NCLEX Mark K > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

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1
Q

Diabetes Mellitus is an error of glucose metabolism

Describe type 1 & 2

A
  1. Born with. Body doesn’t produce insulin
  2. Insulin resistance. Body doesn’t respond to insulin
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2
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is Polyuria & Polydipsia leading to _____ due to low _____

A

Dehydration/ AHD

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3
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is a type of Diabetes Mellitus

True or False

A

False

It’s just the fluid part

Polyuria & Polydipsia leading to dehydration - due to low ADH

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4
Q

How are DI & SIADH related to one another

Describe: Urine output, Urine Concentration, Fluid levels, Serum & Urine specific gravity levels

A

DI
Urine Output: High Dilute
Fluid levels: Deficte Overload
Serum Specific Gravity: Increased
Urine Specific Gravity: Decreased

SIADH: Body retains water
Urine Output: Low Concentrated
Fluid levels: Fluid Overload
Serum Specific Gravity: Decreased
Urine Specific Gravity: Increased

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5
Q

Type 1

Treat with

Diet, insulin, exercise

Which is most important

A

Insulin

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6
Q

Type II

Treat

Diet, oral hypoglycemia, active

Which is most important

A

Diet

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7
Q

S&S of Diabetes Mellitus 1 & 2

(3)

A

Polyuria, polydipsia,polyphagia

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8
Q

Primary dietary restriction in Type 2

A

Calorie restriction

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9
Q

How many meals should a type 2 eat daily

A

6

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10
Q

Which is best to restrict calories to 1600 or divide daily food into 6 meals for type 2 diabetic

A

Calorie restrictions

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11
Q

Regular Insulin (R) Clear, IV drip, rapid/intermediate

Onset
Peak
Duration
Pattern

A

Onset: 1h
Peak: 2h
Duration: 4h
Pattern: 1-2-4

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12
Q

Regular Insulin (R)
(Clear/ Cloudy)
(IV drip / Suspension)
(Rapid/intermediate)

A

Clear
IV drip
Rapid / Intermediate

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13
Q

NPH (N) -cloudy, suspension (precipitate), NO IV, intermediate

Onset:
Peak:
Duration:
Pattern:

A

Onset: 6
Peak: 8 - 10
Duration: 12
Pattern: 6 -8 -10 -12

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14
Q

NPH (N)
(Clear /cloudy)
(IV Drip / suspension (precipitate))
( intermediate / rapid)

A

Cloudy
Suspension (precipitate)
Intermediate

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15
Q

Lispro- Short Acting - don’t give AC, give with food

Onset:
Peak:
Duration:
Pattern:

A

Onset: 15 mins
Peak: 30 mins
Duration: 3 hrs
Pattern: 15 - 30 - 3

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16
Q

When do you give lispro

A

With food

17
Q

Glargin (Lantis): long acting - little

Duration

Safety precaution

A

Duration: 12 - 24

Safety precautions: Never mix

18
Q

If pt was given NPH at 0700, when do you check for hypoglycemia

A

1500 - 1700

19
Q

Once insulin package is opened, when is the new expiration date?

A

30 days after opening

20
Q

Does opened insulin need to be put in the refrigerator in the hospital?

How about at home?

A

Refrigeration not need in hospital

Needed at Home

21
Q

If a patient has to exercise (increase / decrease) insulin dose.

Should the patient consume fast acting carbs snacks?

A

Decrease insulin with exercise

Eat fast acting carb snacks

22
Q

Sick day

When sick serum glucose (down / up)

If a patient doesn’t eat when sick do you still administer insulin?

A

Glucose levels go up

Give insulin to Sick patients even if they didn’t eat

23
Q

3 acute symptoms of Diabetes

A

Low blood Glucose: Causes Too much Insulin / Exercise. Not enough Food
Danger BRAIN DAMAGE

DKA: #1 Acute Viral Upper Respitory Infections W/in last 2 Weeks

Other Causes Too much Food, not enough insulin, not enough exercise

S & S
Dehydration
K Ketones (in blood), Kussmaul, K hgh
A acidosis metabolic, acetone breath, Anorexia

HHNK (TYPE 2)
S&S Dehydration
Skin: Hot Flushed dry
Nursing Intervention: Give fluids
Outcomes: increases output

24
Q

(Must Know) S&S Hypoglycemic

A

Drunk and in Shock

Labile (All over the place)
Judgements, reaction time, emotions
Staggering, Slurred Speech

(SHOCK)
SWEATY
TACHYCARDIA/ LOW BP
Skin Cold Clammy, Mottled

25
Q

What do you do if a patient is hypoglycemic

A

What to do: Give
Sugar & Startch / Sugar & Protein

Admin Juice, honey, jam + Crackers

Possible 15 grams wait 15 mins

26
Q

If patient is unconscious from hypoglycemia

What do you do?

A

Give
Glucagon IM

Dextrose 10 / 50 IV

27
Q

A patient is hypoglycemic and just passed out.

The 2 options to help are:

Give
Glucagon IM

Dextrose 10 / 50 IV

What would determine when to give each medication

A

Glucagon IM for home patients not hooked up to IV

Dextrose if they already have an IV running

28
Q

In which will you need to use Insulin
DKA / HHNK

A

DKA

29
Q

Long term complications of DM
Related to 2 problems

Every symptom can be attributed to one of these

A

Poor tissue perfusion

Peripheral neuropathy

30
Q

Long terms complications of DM

A

Renal failure
Gangrene
Statis Ulcers
Blindness impotence
Heart disease

31
Q

Long term complications DM

  1. Renal failure
  2. Lost control of bladder, incontinence
  3. Can’t feel it when they injur themselves
  4. Poor healing when they injury themselves
A
  1. Poor tissue perfusion
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Peripheral neuropathy
  4. Poor tissue perfusion
32
Q

Which lab test is best to evaluate long-term blood glucose levels

A

Hemoglobin HA1C

33
Q

HA1C desirable level

HA1C Out of Control Level

A

<6
7 mean Dr’s have to look at you
>8

NCLEX Mark K (9 decks)

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