Diabetes Flashcards
What are the rapid acting insulin analogs (3)
Humalog
Novoropid
Apidra
When do you give novorapid
Just before a meal
What are the short acting insulin analogs (soluble 3)
Humulin s
Actrapid
Insuman rapid
When do you give soluable insulins
15-30 mins before meal
What are the intermediate acting insulin (3)
Humulin I
Insulatard
Insuman basal
When do you give intermediate acting insulins
Once or twice a day
Long acting insulins (3)
Glargine (lantus)
Detemir (levemir)
Degludac (tribesa)
When do you give long acting insulins
Once or twice a day
Which mixtures of insulins do you give just before meals
Humalog m25
Humalog m50
Novomix 30
Which insulin mixtures do you give 15-30 mins before meal
Humulin m3
Insuman combo 15/25/50
Symptoms of hypo
Shaking sweating palpitations hungry, pins and needles in lips and tongue, slurred speech confusion, convulsions, unconcious
Blood glucose of hypo
Less than 4
If glucose is above 4 with hypo symptoms
Give small carbohydrate snack (e.g. a slice of bread)
If glucose is less than 4 and conscious and able to swallow
Fast acting carb by mouth (e.g. lift/ 4-5 glucose tabs/ 2 tubes of glucogel/ glass of fruit juice/3-4 heaped tsp of sugar in water)
May need to repeat after 10-15 mins up to 3 times
Then once bs is above 4 give long acting carbohydrate
If glucose is below 4 and unconcious
IM glucagon -no response after 10 mins
IV glucose 10 or 20%
Ketoacidosis blood glucose
Above 11
Symptoms of ketoacidosis
Dehydration, polyuria, weight loss, tired, acetone breath
Treat DKA
IV fluids
Check glucose and ketone every hour, check potassium every 2 hours
-restore circulatory volume
-replace potassium
-fixed rate IV insulin infusion
Which antidiabetics can cause weight gain
Sulfonylurea
Pioglitasone
Which antidiabetic drugs can cause hypos
Sulfonylureas, gliptins, gluflozins, glutides
Which antidiabetic drugs can cause hepatic dysfunction
Sulfonylureas, pioglitasone vildagliptin
Which antidiabetics can cause gi isssues
Metformin, GLP-1 (GLUTIDE)
Which antodiabetic drugs should you avoid with acute porphyrias
Gliclazide, tolbutamide
Which antidiabetic drugs have a risk of DKA
Gliflozin, alo saxa and vildagliptin
Which antidiabetic drugs cause blood dyscradias
Sulfonylurea
What egfr do u avoid metformin
30
Pioglitasone serious risks
Heart failure
Bladder cancer
Which antidiabetics causes headaches
Ddp4i (gliptins)
Specific risk with canagliflozin
Lower limb amputation
Which class causes severe pancreatitis
Glp1 glutide
Which class cause volume depletion and uti
Gliflozin
Sitagliptin specific risk
Rtis
