Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabetes

Answer 1

body not using glucose properly

Question 2

Diabetes underlying causes (2)

Answer 2

insufficient pancreatic insulin and not using insulin properly

Question 3

what characterises diabetes

Answer 3

abnormal glucose build up

Question 4

diabetic complications affect (3)

Answer 4

body system, blood vessels, nerves

Question 5

T1D cause

Answer 5

lack of insulin

Question 6

T1D needs what to survive

Answer 6

insulin replacement

Question 7

when is T1D typically diagnosed

Answer 7

Youth

Question 8

What causes lack of insulin in T1D

Answer 8

autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Question 9

when is T2D normally diagnosed

Answer 9

adulthood

Question 10

what characterises T2D

Answer 10

reduced or less effective insulin action

Question 11

T2D management (2)

Answer 11

lifestyle and pharmacotherapy

Question 12

what is the problem with diabetes

Answer 12

managing blood glucose

Question 13

A person with diabetes typical blood sugar

Answer 13

higher

Question 14

when does blood glucose spike

Answer 14

postprandially

Question 15

how many people die each year from diabetes

Answer 15

5 million

Question 16

epidemiology of diabetes

Answer 16

growing worldwide

Question 17

how many Australians with diabetes

Answer 17

17 million

Question 18

How many people in VIctoria with diabetes

Answer 18

448 000

Question 19

Diabetes is more common in (2)

Answer 19

older and males until older females

Question 20

what is T2D linked with

Answer 20

obesity

Question 21

T2D linked with obesity is more common in

Answer 21

women

Question 22

what can be used to quantify obesity

Answer 22

BMI

Question 23

diabetes symptoms (6)

Answer 23

hunger, thirst, tingling limbs, blurred vision, high blood glucose, fequent urination

Question 24

what is a major initiator of diabetic complications

Answer 24

chronic hyperglycemia

Question 25

diabetes complication categories (2)

Answer 25

microvascular and macrovascular

Question 26

microvascular complications (3)

Answer 26

retinopathy, neuropathy (kidney damage and nerve)

Question 27

macrovascular complications (3)

Answer 27

cerebrovascular disease, CVD, peripheral vascular disease

Question 28

what does diabetes do to life expectancy

Answer 28

reduces it

Question 29

what do complications with daiabetes

Answer 29

3x managing diabetes itself

Question 30

annual cost of diabetes in Australia

Answer 30

$14.6 billion

Question 31

How is diabetes diagnosed (3)

Answer 31

fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c

Question 32

fasting plasma glucose cut off

Answer 32

7 mmol/L x2

Question 33

OGTT cut off

Answer 33

2 hour post 11.1 mmol/L

Question 34

HbA1c cut off

Answer 34

6.5% x2

Question 35

what is HbA1c

Answer 35

glycated haemoglobin

Question 36

is HbA1c reversable

Answer 36

no

Question 37

how is haemoglobin glycated

Answer 37

non enzymatic exposure to plasma glucose

Question 38

increased plasma glucose is proportional to

Answer 38

glycated haemoglobin levels

Question 39

HbA1c is evidence for the last

Answer 39

1-3 months

Question 40

RBC life span

Answer 40

120 days

Question 41

glycation is on which side group

Answer 41

NH2

Question 42

T2D characterisation (3)

Answer 42

beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, hyperglucagonemia

Question 43

glucose foes into the blood stream from (2)

Answer 43

liver and gut

Question 44

plasma glucose goes to (3)

Answer 44

pancreas, muscle, adipose tissue

Question 45

what goes from the gut to the pancreas

Answer 45

incretins (GLP-1 and GIP)

Question 46

pancreas acts on the liver and muscle via (2)

Answer 46

glucagon and insulin