Cancer cachexia Flashcards
what is cancer cachexia (4)
muscle and/or fat loss, in cancer patients, multifactorial, functional impairment
what decreases in cancer cachexia patients
days until death
cancer cachexia diagnosis in terms of weight loss
> 5% in 6 months
cancer cachexia diagnosis in terms of BMI (2)
<20 and >2% weight loss
cancer cachexia diagnosis in terms of appendicular skeletal muscle index (4)
sarcopenia, male <7.26 kg/m^2, female 5.45 kg/m^2 and >2% weight loss
cachexia in what % of advanced breast, sarcoma, lung, prostate, pancreas and GI cancer
80%
what % of cachexia on cancer diagnosis with GI cancer
85%
progression of cancer cachexia (4)
precachexia, cachexia, refractory cachexia, death
precachexia (3)
weight loss <5%, anorexia, metabolic change
cachexia (apart from diagnostic criteria) (2)
reduced food intake and systemic inflammation
refractory cachexia (4)
procatabolic, non responsive to anti cancer treatment, low performance score, <3 month expected survival
cancer cachexia consequences (7)
reduced muscle function, impaired mobility, enhanced fatigue, reduced independence, premature retirement, increased metabolic disease, adverse risk increase
how much is mobility impacted
40% decrease
most common complait
enhanced fatigue
was adverse risk increases occur (3)
increased grade 3-4 toxicity, hospitalisation, other adverse events
what do all the consequences attribute to
decreased quality of life
what are other serious risks associated with cancer cachexia (3)
impaired chemotherapy and radiotherapy response, respiratory failure, cardiac failure
what exacerbates cachexia
chemotherapy
what was injected into mice to show chemotherapy link to cachexia (2)
5FU and AAV6:MiR-351-3p sponge
what does AAV6:MiR-351-3p sponge inhibit
increased miR-351-3p
what does increased miR-351-3p inhibit
decreased ERK2 signalling
what does decreased ERK2 signalling promote (2)
muscle wasting and poor prognosis
what was found with a 5FU injection (4)
atrophy, loss of large fibre type IIx/b fibres, increased muscle wasting, poor prognosis
what cardiac changes were observed in cancer cachexia patients (3)
reduced heart mass, structural remodelling, cardiac fibrosis
what histology stains show heart tissue and collagen (2)
AZAN and sirius red
progression of cardiac cachexia (7)
LV atrophy, thinned septal walls, LV chamber dilatation, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, end stage heart failure
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