Diabetes Flashcards
What is the first line treatment of neuropathic pain?
Duloxetine
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Amitryptiline
When should metformin be stopped in terms of GFR?
In adults with type 2 diabetes, review the dose of metformin if the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is below 45 ml/minute/1.73m2: Stop metformin if the eGFR is below 30 ml/minute/ 1.73m2
Linagliptin is a good alternative
What should be asked about a patients lifestyle before starting glizagliptin And why?
If they drive
Risk of hypoglycaemia
Dangerous risk of glicazide?
Hypoglycemia
Pre-diabetic HbA1c range?
42-47 (6-6.4%)
Diabetic range HbA1c?
48mmol+
6.5%
Canagliflozin inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption and increase urinary glucose excretion. It is contraindicated when?
Active foot disease, increased risk of amputation of toe
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that reduces peripheral insulin resistance and is contraindicated in patients with what?
Active or past bladder cancer
Diabetic management in relation to HbA1c
You can titrate up metformin and encourage lifestyle changes to aim for a HbA1c of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%), but should only add a second drug if the HbA1c rises to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%)
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Chronic hyperglycemia damages small vessels causing ischemia and eventually compensatory vascular proliferation
What is seen on fundoscopy of a pt with pre proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Pre-proliferative - microanyeurysm, cotton woll spots, dot and blot haemorrhages, had exudates
Sx of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Gradual vision loss
Sx of proliferative retinopathy?
Subacute vision loss
What is seen on fundoscopy in proliferative diabetic rentipathy?
New vessels visable on disc or somewhere on retina
What FRIII given in DKA?
0.1 unit/kg.hr
