DI Quiz 3... Flashcards

1
Q

Name the view

A

DMPLO

Dorsal Lateral

Medial palmar

you go outside then inside letters

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2
Q

When obtaining images of the equine distal limb, what 3 things should we do?

A

remove shoes

clean lateral sulci

pack with moldable material (play dough)

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3
Q

The lateral trochlear ridge can be identified by the….

A

large notch at its distal aspect

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4
Q

What bone is this?

A

tibia

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5
Q

Label A, B and C

A
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6
Q

_______ of the tarsocrural joint is common and often bilateral

A

osteochondrosis (OCD)

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7
Q

The cranial aspect of the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia is best seen in what view?

A

DMPLO

(intermediate ridge of the distal tibia aka DIRT- most commonly affected by OCD)

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8
Q

Where are OCD fragments often found?

A

settled into the bottom of the joint

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of lameness associated with the tarsus?

A

Bone Spavin aka Degenerative joint disease

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10
Q

What abnormality is seen in this image?

A

Degenerative Joint Disease

aka bone spavin

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11
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

acessory carpal bone

distal radius forms from 2 ossification centers- distal radial and ulnar epiphysis (closes at 9 months)

the accessory carpal bone may have 2 ossification centers (closes 5-7 months)

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12
Q

Flexed views are very important for LA bc they separate the bones further.

Label A and B

A

A. Intermediate Carpal Bone (more proximal)

B. Radial Carpal Bone (more distal)

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13
Q

What abnormality?

A

Radial Carpal Bone Chip Fracture

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14
Q

Where is the navicular bone?

A
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15
Q

_____ is the modality of choice for the evaluation of the prostate

A

Ultrasound

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16
Q

Where is the prostate?

A

make sure its a male

triangle of fat b/t bladder and prostate

these are enlarged, shouldn’t normally be seen

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17
Q

Where is the prostate? Is it normal or abnormal?

A

NORMAL

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18
Q

Most common cause of prostatomegaly?

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

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19
Q

Describe the appearance of paraprostatic cysts

A

usually pedunculated, well marginated and often appear cranial to the urinary bladder

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20
Q

Common metastasis of urogenital cancer?

A

spondylitis of L5-L7

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21
Q

Dog pregnancy: the earliest detectable radiographic mineralization is at ____

A

42 days

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22
Q

Cat pregnancy: the earliest radiographic mineralization is detected at ____

A

35 days

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23
Q

Locate the uterus

A
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24
Q

Ultrasound can detect fetal heart beat at ____

A

23-25 days

(HR b/t 1.5-2X mothers HR)

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25
Q

Ultrasound can detect fetal mineralization at ___

A

33-39 days

earlier than x ray!!!

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26
Q

What is spalding sign?

A

Overlap and compression of the bones esp those of the skull is suggestive of fetal death

earliest to detect using US

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27
Q

Interpret the gastric axis

A

cranial displacement

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28
Q

Interpret the gastric

A

caudal displacement

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29
Q

What is abnormal?

A

hepatomegaly

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30
Q

What is abnormal?

A

hepatomegaly

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31
Q

BIG liver: consider endocrine disorders

A

diabetes mellitus resulting in hepatic lipidosis

hyperadrenocorticism

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32
Q

Margins of the BIG liver: differential diagnoses

A

hepatic congestion

acute hepatitis

diffuse infiltrative diseases (lymphoma)

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33
Q

PSS- can be congenital or aquired

A

Extrahepatic (small breeds/cats) or intrahepatic (large breed)

intrahepatic more common on the left side, corresponds to patent ductus venosus (PDV)

34
Q

Gall bladder: normal or abnormal?

A

abnormal

wall thickened

35
Q

Spleen anatomy

A
36
Q

Most likely source of a mass in the midventral abdomen?

A

spleen in dogs

37
Q

Abnormal splenic US

A

ultrasound changes are non-specific

except for torsion

38
Q

Splenic torsion

A

C shape on lateral rad

fundus displaced caudally and medially

Gas bubbles may indicate anaerobic bacteria

39
Q

Normal spleen?

A

splenic torsion

lacy pattern, very large, spleen twists and occludes venous return

40
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A
41
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

emphysematous splenic torsion

gas bubbles may indicate ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q

Retroperitoneal space contains what organs?

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, major blood vessels and lymph nodes

45
Q

Loss of serosal detail?

Peritoneal effusion?

A

both detected

mild!

46
Q

Loss of serosal detail?

Peritoneal effusion?

A

both detected

moderate!

47
Q

Loss of serosal detail?

Peritoneal effusion?

A

both detected

pronounced

48
Q

Pneumomediastinum: detected or not detected?

A

DETECTED

normally cant see all these structures

49
Q

Retroperitoneal gas detected?

A

detected

50
Q

Can pneumothorax cause pneumomediastinum?

A

no

51
Q

Can pneumomediastinum cause pneumothorax?

A

yes

52
Q

What view is better to view the kidneys?

A

Right lateral- separates them more

53
Q

Whats the difference b/t the kidneys?

A

pyelonephritis vs normal

54
Q

What abnormality is seen?

A
55
Q

What abnormality?

A
56
Q

Air bubbles on a contrast cystography

A
  • are located at the periphery of the contrast pool
  • create a “honeycomb” appearance when multiple air bubbles aggregate
  • air bubbles can be misdiagnosed as
  • air bubbles can be misdiagnosed as cystic calculi
57
Q

Urethrogram

A
  • Main indication is to detect urethral obstructions or urethral rupture
  • most frequently performed in male dogs
    • positive contrast retrograde (male)
  • prostatic urethra normally the most narrow
58
Q

What is found in the bladder?

A
59
Q

In what views might the pylorus look like a mass?

A

right lateral and DV

fluid and gas shift into the various compartments based on gravity

60
Q

Fundus and pylorus views showing gas Vs fluid

A
61
Q

What view is A? B?

A
62
Q

What abnormality?

A

GDV- emergency!

63
Q

What abnormality?

A

NORMAL

64
Q

What abnormality?

A

gravel sign

65
Q

Name abnormality of intestines

A

intussusception

66
Q

Name abnormality of intestines

A

thickened wall

(neoplasia, severe enteritis, FIP)

67
Q

T/F Pneumomediastinum can result in pneumothorax, gas in facial planes of nec and gas in retroperitoneal space.

A

true?

68
Q

Retraction of the lungs is indicative of

A

pneumothorax

69
Q

Which 2 tests are good for detecting free gas?

A

horizontal beam rads and US

70
Q

Tracheal collapse dx?

A

narrowing in cervical region during inspiration and narrowing thoracic during expiration

71
Q

T/F: US has a 95% sensitivity for dx acute pancreatitis

A

FALSE

72
Q

Best modality to test for fetal death?

A

US- see heart beats

73
Q

Medial Iliac Lymphadenopathy detected?

A

Yup

74
Q

Gastric rupture detected?

A

yup

75
Q

What abnormality?

A

gastric rupture

76
Q

What abnormality?

A

urethral rupture

77
Q

Functional Vs Mechanical Ileus

A

mechanical- degree of enlargement usually greater than in functional ileus

usually just gas in functional

78
Q

Reasons for CRANIAL displaced gastric access

A

diaphragmatic hernia, small liver

tumor caudally, pregnancy

79
Q

What is the thickest layer of intestinal layering?

A

mucosa/ hypoechoic

80
Q

Label the layers of intestine

A