DI Quiz 3... Flashcards
Name the view
DMPLO
Dorsal Lateral
Medial palmar
you go outside then inside letters
When obtaining images of the equine distal limb, what 3 things should we do?
remove shoes
clean lateral sulci
pack with moldable material (play dough)
The lateral trochlear ridge can be identified by the….
large notch at its distal aspect
What bone is this?
tibia
Label A, B and C
_______ of the tarsocrural joint is common and often bilateral
osteochondrosis (OCD)
The cranial aspect of the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia is best seen in what view?
DMPLO
(intermediate ridge of the distal tibia aka DIRT- most commonly affected by OCD)
Where are OCD fragments often found?
settled into the bottom of the joint
What is the most common cause of lameness associated with the tarsus?
Bone Spavin aka Degenerative joint disease
What abnormality is seen in this image?
Degenerative Joint Disease
aka bone spavin
What is the arrow pointing to?
acessory carpal bone
distal radius forms from 2 ossification centers- distal radial and ulnar epiphysis (closes at 9 months)
the accessory carpal bone may have 2 ossification centers (closes 5-7 months)
Flexed views are very important for LA bc they separate the bones further.
Label A and B
A. Intermediate Carpal Bone (more proximal)
B. Radial Carpal Bone (more distal)
What abnormality?
Radial Carpal Bone Chip Fracture
Where is the navicular bone?
_____ is the modality of choice for the evaluation of the prostate
Ultrasound
Where is the prostate?
make sure its a male
triangle of fat b/t bladder and prostate
these are enlarged, shouldn’t normally be seen
Where is the prostate? Is it normal or abnormal?
NORMAL
Most common cause of prostatomegaly?
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Describe the appearance of paraprostatic cysts
usually pedunculated, well marginated and often appear cranial to the urinary bladder
Common metastasis of urogenital cancer?
spondylitis of L5-L7
Dog pregnancy: the earliest detectable radiographic mineralization is at ____
42 days
Cat pregnancy: the earliest radiographic mineralization is detected at ____
35 days
Locate the uterus
Ultrasound can detect fetal heart beat at ____
23-25 days
(HR b/t 1.5-2X mothers HR)
Ultrasound can detect fetal mineralization at ___
33-39 days
earlier than x ray!!!
What is spalding sign?
Overlap and compression of the bones esp those of the skull is suggestive of fetal death
earliest to detect using US
Interpret the gastric axis
cranial displacement
Interpret the gastric
caudal displacement
What is abnormal?
hepatomegaly
What is abnormal?
hepatomegaly
BIG liver: consider endocrine disorders
diabetes mellitus resulting in hepatic lipidosis
hyperadrenocorticism
Margins of the BIG liver: differential diagnoses
hepatic congestion
acute hepatitis
diffuse infiltrative diseases (lymphoma)
PSS- can be congenital or aquired
Extrahepatic (small breeds/cats) or intrahepatic (large breed)
intrahepatic more common on the left side, corresponds to patent ductus venosus (PDV)
Gall bladder: normal or abnormal?
abnormal
wall thickened
Spleen anatomy
Most likely source of a mass in the midventral abdomen?
spleen in dogs
Abnormal splenic US
ultrasound changes are non-specific
except for torsion
Splenic torsion
C shape on lateral rad
fundus displaced caudally and medially
Gas bubbles may indicate anaerobic bacteria
Normal spleen?
splenic torsion
lacy pattern, very large, spleen twists and occludes venous return
What are the arrows pointing to?
What is the arrow pointing to?
emphysematous splenic torsion
gas bubbles may indicate ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
Retroperitoneal space contains what organs?
kidneys, adrenal glands, major blood vessels and lymph nodes
Loss of serosal detail?
Peritoneal effusion?
both detected
mild!
Loss of serosal detail?
Peritoneal effusion?
both detected
moderate!
Loss of serosal detail?
Peritoneal effusion?
both detected
pronounced
Pneumomediastinum: detected or not detected?
DETECTED
normally cant see all these structures
Retroperitoneal gas detected?
detected
Can pneumothorax cause pneumomediastinum?
no
Can pneumomediastinum cause pneumothorax?
yes
What view is better to view the kidneys?
Right lateral- separates them more
Whats the difference b/t the kidneys?
pyelonephritis vs normal
What abnormality is seen?
What abnormality?
Air bubbles on a contrast cystography
- are located at the periphery of the contrast pool
- create a “honeycomb” appearance when multiple air bubbles aggregate
- air bubbles can be misdiagnosed as
- air bubbles can be misdiagnosed as cystic calculi
Urethrogram
- Main indication is to detect urethral obstructions or urethral rupture
- most frequently performed in male dogs
- positive contrast retrograde (male)
- prostatic urethra normally the most narrow
What is found in the bladder?
In what views might the pylorus look like a mass?
right lateral and DV
fluid and gas shift into the various compartments based on gravity
Fundus and pylorus views showing gas Vs fluid
What view is A? B?
What abnormality?
GDV- emergency!
What abnormality?
NORMAL
What abnormality?
gravel sign
Name abnormality of intestines
intussusception
Name abnormality of intestines
thickened wall
(neoplasia, severe enteritis, FIP)
T/F Pneumomediastinum can result in pneumothorax, gas in facial planes of nec and gas in retroperitoneal space.
true?
Retraction of the lungs is indicative of
pneumothorax
Which 2 tests are good for detecting free gas?
horizontal beam rads and US
Tracheal collapse dx?
narrowing in cervical region during inspiration and narrowing thoracic during expiration
T/F: US has a 95% sensitivity for dx acute pancreatitis
FALSE
Best modality to test for fetal death?
US- see heart beats
Medial Iliac Lymphadenopathy detected?
Yup
Gastric rupture detected?
yup
What abnormality?
gastric rupture
What abnormality?
urethral rupture
Functional Vs Mechanical Ileus
mechanical- degree of enlargement usually greater than in functional ileus
usually just gas in functional
Reasons for CRANIAL displaced gastric access
diaphragmatic hernia, small liver
tumor caudally, pregnancy
What is the thickest layer of intestinal layering?
mucosa/ hypoechoic
Label the layers of intestine
