DI Quiz 3 Flashcards
Articular processes
- dorsally located
- diarthrodial joint
- commonly develop rad signs of DJD
- Cause back pain?
- maybe, uncommon
-
Cervical spondylomyelopathy
- neural compression as osteophytes impinge on vertebral canal
Degenerative joint disease present?
A!
DJD present?
A
DJD present?
A, B, C
not painful
Cauda Equina Syndrome affects which vertebrae?
- L7-S1
- chronic instability, spondylosis, disc protrusion, stenosis of vertebral canal
- leads to nerve root impingement
- very common problem
Cauda Equina Syndrome Clinical signs
- Most common is LS pain
- decreased willingness to jump & climb stairs
- low tail carriage
- reduced tail wagging
- difficulty posturing to defecate
primarily big dogs
Where does the spinal cord end?
around L5
Cauda Equina Syndrome predisposed by
LS transitional vertebra
Radiographs are not diagnostic but can sometimes show…
Stenosis
(need CT or MRI)
Treatment for cauda equina syndrome
- Pain only
- NSAIDS
- weight reduction
- epidural steroid injections
- Unresponsive pain +/- deficits
- surgery- dorsal laminectomy
What are the arrows pointing out?
endplate lysis
discospondylitis- inflam of disc and spine
What is the hallmark radiographic sign of discospondylitis?
endplate lysis
Discospondylitis is an infection of….
- infection of disc with involvement of adjacent endplates
- usually bacterial
- staph
- gram neg or brucella canis
- hematogenous spread
- UTI- do urine & blood culture
- back pain
Wobbler Disease
- need MRI, rads can be suggestive
- progressive cervical myelopathy
- two forms
- disc associated compression (doberman 7yrs)
- osseous associated compression (great dane 4yr)
Chihuahua, Male, 2 yrs
progressive teraparesis and ataxia
signs present for several weeks
dog has always been clumsy, but has deteriorated
Physical findings: tetraparetic gait, barely ambulatory, spasticity of thoracic limbs, postural reactions decreased in all 4 legs
Where is the lesion?
classical cervical sign
- malalignment b/t C1 and C2
- no visible dens
- no VD view
- diagnosis: atlantoaxial subluxation
- expensive surgery can correc this
Atlantoaxial subluxation
- trauma can cause in any breed
- congenital predisposition in toy breeds
- there may be an underlying ligament abnormality
- increased distance b/t C1 and C2
- lamina are not parellel
- dens may be small or missing
- best visualized on lateral view
- be careful when positioning dog
What is the abnormality?
Atlantoaxial subluxation
What is the abnormality?
Atlantoaxial subluxation
Hemivertebra
- common in brachycephalic dogs
- cannot assess significance from survey radiographs
- may not be causing CS
- best assessed with MRI
- vertebrae are shaped like a butterfly
What is the spinal abnormality?
Hemivertebra
(boston terriers, pugs)
What is the spinal abnormality?
Hemivertebra
Scintigraphy
- screens for increased or decreased bone metabolic activity “bone scan”
- “soft tissue scan” where hot spots of increased activity are attributed to areas of greater blood supply and inflammation
What kind of scan is this and what are we looking for?
scintigraphy
hot spots
How many views are required for equine joints?
four views bc of the complexity of equine joints
lateromedial
dorsopalmar (plantar)
DMPLO
DLPMO
Name the view
Dorsopalmar
Name the view
Lateromedial
Name the view
DMPLO
dosal lateral
medial palmar
Name the view
DLPMO
dorsal medial
lateral palmar
carpus
DM
When obtaining images of the distal extremity in a horse, what 3 things help with technical quality?
remove shoes
clean lateral sulci
pack with a moldable material (fill it so you dont have artifacts)
What joint is the most commonly affected in horses with hind limb lameness?
tarsus
the lateral trochlear ridge can be identified by the large notch at its distal aspect
medial trochlear ridge can have variable appearances
Osteochondrosis (OCD)
- common in tarsocrural joint, often bilateral
- most common location:
- Intermediate ridge of the distal tibia (DIRT)- seen best on the DMPLO view
- lateral trochlear ridge of talus
- medial ridge also affected
- fragments can settle far at the bottom of the joint
What is the red circle indicating?
osteochondrosis (OCD)
What is the most common cause of lameness associated with tarsus?
DJD- degenerative joint dz
DJD- Degenerative Joint Disease
periarticular osteophyte formation is the most common finding
advanced disease may have subchondral bone lysis and narrowing of the joint space
What is the abnormality?
DJD- degenerative joint dz
