dg procedures in gynae Flashcards
types of gynaecological ultrasound
- transAbdominal
- transVaginal
- Breast
4.
what is the purpose of the Transabdominal U.S
easiest method of assessing the uterus, ovaries, and adnexal structures.
Assessment of: Urogenital tract
Assessment of fetal development (see ultrasonography during pregnancy)
Pelvic organs
function of Transvaginal ultrasound
Ovaries:
diagnose ovarian cysts, tumors, and follicular maturation
Uterus
- Myometrium (e.g., to diagnose leiomyomas)
- Endometrium : measures Endometrial thickness that varies in menstrual cycle
Assessment of fetal development during the first trimester
Measurement of cervical length in cases of cervical incompetence
how is the endometrium measured in transvaginal ultrasound
Echogenic layer in the long axis view of the uterus is the endrometrial lining aka “endometrial stripe”)
why should you measure the endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women
Postmenopausal women with an endometrial thickness
greater than 8 mm should undergo a follow-up ultrasound after 1–3 months
Postmenopausal women with an endometrial thickness greater than 10 mm should undergo hysteroscopy and endometrial curettage to rule out endometrial carcinoma.
function of breast US
- assess breast lesions which were detected by palpation, mammography, and/or breast MRI scans.
- used to assess the axilla for lymph node involvement if there is suspicion for breast cancer.
what is a Hysteroscopy
A fiberoptic scope is through the cervix into the uterus to diagnose and/or treat uterine pathologies.
can be combined w/ Uterine curettage: scraping away endometrial tissue using a curette into the uterine cavity
when is a hysteroscopy commonly done
Commonly done as part of the work-up for abnormal uterine bleeding.
what is a Speculum examination
Insertion of a speculum device for the inspection of the vaginal wall and ectocervix
what exactly does the speculum allow you to measure
- Evaluate the quality of vaginal discharge to determine whether a smear should be acquired
- The amount of vaginal discharge varies by individual and by the stage of the menstrual cycle
- Signs that vaginal discharge may be pathologic
- Smell: Malodorous (e.g., fishy)
- Abnormal consistency: (e.g., frothy, curd-like)
- Colour: bloody, brown, yellow, green, or gray color
what are the
Symptoms indicating pathologic discharge
Pruritic and/or erythematous vagina
Cervical tenderness
Physiologic leukorrhea
Physiologic leukorrhea
- Profuse white or yellow and non-malodorous vaginal discharge can be physiological if none of the previous symptoms are present
- In newborns, vaginal discharge may occur due to in-utero exposure to maternal estrogen (no treatment is necessary).
what about speculum exam in adolescents
virtually never indicated in preadolescent patients! If absolutely necessary (e.g., vaginal bleeding, trauma, abuse), it is usually performed under general anesthesia!
list the indicaitions of gynaecological laparoscopy
- Diagnostic laparoscopy
- Therapeutic laparoscopy
what is gynaecological laparoscopy
in gynaecology laparoscopic surgery is used for many procedures that were traditionally performed via laparotomy.
