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devpsych review > DEVPSYCH - TERMS > Flashcards

DEVPSYCH - TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

A

Human development

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2
Q

concept of human development as lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically

A

Life-span development

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3
Q

views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.

A

life-span perspective

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4
Q

What are the domains of development

A

Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Psychosocial Development

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5
Q

growth of the body and brain

A

Physical Development

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6
Q

learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

emotions, personality, and social relationships

A

Psychosocial Development

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8
Q

concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society

A

Social Construction

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9
Q

involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

A

Stability-Change Issue

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10
Q

focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)

A

Continuity-Discontinuity

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11
Q

unfolding of mental sequence of physical change and behavior patterns

A

Maturation

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12
Q

scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits

A

Behavioral Genetics

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13
Q

proportion of all variability in the trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals

A

Heritability

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14
Q

Who studied the heredity in plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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15
Q

attempting to breed animals for a particular trait to determine whether the trait is heritable

A

Selective Breeding

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16
Q

3 types of genetic studies

A

Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Family Studies

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17
Q

the percentage of pairs of people studied in which if one member of a pair displays the trait, the other does too

A

Concordance Rate

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18
Q

Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan

A

Epigenetics

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19
Q

the effects of genes depend on what kind of environment we experience and how we respond to the environment

A

Gene-Environment Interaction

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20
Q

3 factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality

A

Gene
Shared environmental influences
Non-shared environmental influences

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21
Q

The basic unit through which genetic information is stored and passed between generations.

A

Genes

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22
Q

common experiences that work to make them similar (e.g. parenting style)

A

Shared environmental influences

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23
Q

unique experiences to the individual those who are not shared with other members of the family (e.g., parental favoritism)

A

Non-shared environmental influences

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24
Q

3 kinds of Gene-environment correlations

A

Passive Gene- Environment
Evocative Gene-Environment
Active Gene-Environment

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25
Q

parent provide for their children is influenced partly by the parents’ genotypes

A

Passive Gene-environment

26
Q

child’s genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people

A

Evocative Gene-environment

27
Q

children’s genotype influence the kinds of environment they seek

A

Active Gene-Environment

28
Q

consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child’s parents (Nature)

A

Heredity

29
Q

influences stems from the outside body, starting from conception throughout life (Nurture)

A

Environment

30
Q

people differ in gender, height, weight, and body build; in health and energy level, etc.

A

Individual differences

31
Q

Nuclear and Extended Family

A

Family

32
Q

What are the Context of Development

A

Family
Socioeconomic Status
Culture
Gender
History

33
Q

combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation

A

Socioeconomic Status

34
Q

society’s or group’s total way of life

A

Culture

35
Q

What are the 2 types of Culture

A

Ethnic Gloss
Race

36
Q

overgeneralization that obscures or blurs variations

A

Ethnic Gloss

37
Q

identifiable biological category, is more accurately defined social construct

A

Race

38
Q

social construct and generally based on the norms, behaviors, and societal roles expected of individuals based primarily on their sex.

A

Gender

39
Q

study of the prior events and the lives of people.

A

History

40
Q

biological or environmental events that affect many or most people in a society in a similar ways and events that touch only certain individuals

A

Normative influences

41
Q

What are the 2 types of Normative influences

A

Normative Age-Graded influences
Normative History - graded influences

42
Q

group of people who experience the event at a formative time in their lives

A

Historical Generation

43
Q

group of people born at about the same time

A

Age Cohort

44
Q

What are the two types of Normative History - Graded Influences

A

Historical Generation
Age Cohort

45
Q

unusual events that have major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle

A

Non-normative

46
Q

instinctively follow the first moving object they see

A

imprinting

47
Q

specific time when a given event , or its absence, has a specific impact on development

A

Critical Period

48
Q

when developing person is especially responsive to certain kind of experience

A

Sensitive Period

49
Q

modifiability of performance; the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered; neuroplasticity, then, is the ability for the brain to adapt or change over time, by creating new neurons and building new networks.

A

Plasticity

50
Q

set of logically related concepts or statements that seek to describe and explain development and to predict the kinds of behavior that might occur under certain conditions

A

Theory

51
Q

explanations or predictions that can be tested further by research

A

Hypothesis

52
Q

father of cognitive psychology - Tabula Rasa / Blank State

A

John Locke

53
Q

a Genevan philosopher of the Enlightenment era. He is best remembered for his views on political and moral philosophy - in other words, on human nature and human dynamics.

He states that children are born “noble savages” who develop according to their own positive natural tendencies if not corrupted by society

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

54
Q

people are like machines that react to environmental input

A

Mechanistic Model

55
Q

people as active, growing organism that set their own development in motion; initiate events, and do not just react

A

Organismic Model

56
Q

gradual and incremental

A

continuous

57
Q

abrupt or uneven

A

discontinous

58
Q

change in number or amount, such as height, weight, or vocabulary size

A

Quantitative Change

59
Q

emergence of new phenomena that could not be easily predicted on the basis of the past basic functioning

A

Qualitative Change

60
Q

emphasized the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

A

Evolutionary Psychology

devpsych review (5 decks)

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