Developments between the revolutions of 1917 Flashcards
when did Lenin return to Russia
3 April 1917
when did the first all-Russian congress soviet meet
3rd June 1917
when did Trotsky join the bolsheviks
2 July 1917
when were the July days
3-5 July
when were the bolshevik leaders arrested
3-7 July
what did Lenin do in reaction to the bolsheviks being arrested
he flees to Finland
When did Kerensky become prime minister
18 July
when did the Kornilov coup fail
26-30 august
what were the bolshevik red guards given during the Kornilov coup
weapons
when did Trotsky become chairman of the Petrograd soviet
September 1917
what did the bolsheviks control in September
the bolsheviks commanded majorities in both the Petrograd and Moscow Soviets
When did Lenin attend a meeting of the Bolshevik Central Committee and his call for a Bolshevik-led revolution is agreed
10 October 1917
when was the military revolutionary committee set up
16 October
who was in charge of the military revolutionary committee
Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky
how many members did the Bolsheviks have during the first revolution
23,000 members
how many representatives did the bolsheviks have in the soviet
40 out of 1500
what was the issue with the leadership of the bolsheviks
they were in exile
Who were the first leaders to reach Petrograd
Kamenev and Stalin
when did Stalin and Kamenev arrive
mid-march
when did the BOlsheviks start to form their own path
on 3 April 1917 when Lenin returned
who helped Lenin back into Russia
the germans
why did the Germans let Lenin back in
to stir up trouble
What did Lenin travel in
a sealed train
How long had Lenin been in exile for
17 years
What did Lenin map his policy in
his ‘letters from afar’ written between 7 and 26 march
what did Lenin and Trotsky not accept
the ‘bourgeois stage’ of revolution
why did Lenin see that a bourgeois stage was not necessary
it was too weak to carry through a full revolution
where was Lenin’s political programme reissued
in the ‘April Theses’
What demands were made in the April Theses
- the war should be brought to an immediate end
- power should be transferred to the soviets
- all land should be taken over by the state and re-allocated to peasants by local soviets
what were the mottos of demand for the Bolsheviks
‘peace, bread and land’ and ‘all power to the soviets’
what did some Bolsheviks fear about Lenin
that he had grown out of touch during his year of exile and that his radical proposals would do more harm than good
what allegations were made about Lenin
that he was in the pay of the germans
How did Lenin eventually get his way
due to his skills of persuasion, tactful retreat and compromise, threats of resignation and appeals to the rank and file.
what did Lenin claim
personal credit for much that was already happening in Russia, not least the peasants’ seizure of land
was Lenin responsible for the seizure of land
no, as it occurred in his absence of any authority to control their actions
when did Lenin win over the majority of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party
April
how did Lenin win over the majority of the committee
the sheer force of personality
where were armed demonstrations organised
the Kronstadt Naval base in July, where they used Bolshevik slogans
where did the Kronstadt demonstrations spread to
the centre of Petrograd
what threatened to undermine Lenin’s position
when peaceful protests turned violent when shots were fired at the demonstrators, leading to chaos and uncontrolled rioting
who was blamed for the Bloodshed of the Petrograd demonstrations
the Bolsheviks.
what happened to the Bolsheviks after the demonstrations
the offices of Pravda were closed and warrants were issued for the arrest of their leaders.
Which banners dominated the June Demonstrations
Bolshevik banners
Wh replaced Lvov as PM
Kerensky
when did Kerensky become PM
18 July
Who did Kerensky appoint as Commander in Chief of the army in July
General Lavr Kornilov
What did Kornilov reinstate
the death penalty
What did Kornilov do at the end of August
ordered six regiments of troops to march on Petrograd
why did Kornilov call the six regiments to march
to crush the Soviets and establish a military dictatorship
why did the Kornilov coup fail
Kerensky released imprisoned Bolsheviks and provided workers with weapons from the government’s armouries to halt Kornilov’s advance.
Who were the main beneficiaries of the ‘Kornilov Coup”
the bolsheviks, as they took the lead in organising the Petrograd Red Guards.
How did the Bolsheviks use the situation after the coup
They milked the propaganda opportunities the affair presented and poured scorn on the Kerensky government, basking in the reputation of being the only group to have opposed Kornilov consistently
What happened to Bolshevik membership
it went from 23,000 in February to 200,000 in October
what other things happened to the magnitude of the Bolsheviks
they were producing 41 newspapers and commanded a force of 10,000 Red Guards
What happened to the Soviets in September
the Bolsheviks won a majority in both the Petrograd and Moscow Soviets in September, and on 26 September Trotskt even became chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet
What happened on 5th October
Kerensky sent some of the more radical army units out of Petrograd, to prepare for front-line service.
who became chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet on 26th September
Trotsky
what was Lenin doing throughout September
he had begun bombarding the 12-man Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party with letters demanding that they prepare for revolution and the seizure of power.
What did Lenin suggest on 12th September
‘History will not forgive us if we do not assume power now’, but three days later the Central Committee voted against a coup
who were the two members who disagreed with Lenin
Kamenev and Zinoviev
What did Kamenev and Zinoviev believe
that they should not act before the Constituent Assembly elections.
What did Trotsky argue
they should work through the Petrograd Soviet and wait for the Congress of Soviets which was due to be convened on 26 October.
What day did Lenin speak with the central committee
10th October
What was the vote in the central committee
10-2
what did Lenin convince the committee
that ‘an armed rising is the order of the day
What did Zinoviev and Kamenev say in Novaia Zhin
‘if we take power now and we are forced into a revolutionary war, the mass of soldiers will not support us’
Who was in charge of organising the revolution
Trotsky
how did Trotsky organise the revolution
he sent Bolshevik speakers around the factories, whipping up support, and in accordance with the SOviet resolution of 5 October, a ‘Military Revolutionary Committee’, was set up under Trotsky and Dzezhinsky on 16 October
Where were commissars sent
to all Petrograd’s garrison units and 15 of the 18 declared their allegiance to the Soviet, rather than the Provisional Government
what did the committee eventually have control over
200,00 Red Guards, 60,000 Baltic Sailors and 150,000 soldiers
