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Russian History > Developments between the revolutions of 1917 > Flashcards

Developments between the revolutions of 1917 Flashcards

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1
Q

when did Lenin return to Russia

A

3 April 1917

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2
Q

when did the first all-Russian congress soviet meet

A

3rd June 1917

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3
Q

when did Trotsky join the bolsheviks

A

2 July 1917

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4
Q

when were the July days

A

3-5 July

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5
Q

when were the bolshevik leaders arrested

A

3-7 July

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6
Q

what did Lenin do in reaction to the bolsheviks being arrested

A

he flees to Finland

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7
Q

When did Kerensky become prime minister

A

18 July

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8
Q

when did the Kornilov coup fail

A

26-30 august

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9
Q

what were the bolshevik red guards given during the Kornilov coup

A

weapons

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10
Q

when did Trotsky become chairman of the Petrograd soviet

A

September 1917

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11
Q

what did the bolsheviks control in September

A

the bolsheviks commanded majorities in both the Petrograd and Moscow Soviets

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12
Q

When did Lenin attend a meeting of the Bolshevik Central Committee and his call for a Bolshevik-led revolution is agreed

A

10 October 1917

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13
Q

when was the military revolutionary committee set up

A

16 October

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14
Q

who was in charge of the military revolutionary committee

A

Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky

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15
Q

how many members did the Bolsheviks have during the first revolution

A

23,000 members

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16
Q

how many representatives did the bolsheviks have in the soviet

A

40 out of 1500

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17
Q

what was the issue with the leadership of the bolsheviks

A

they were in exile

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18
Q

Who were the first leaders to reach Petrograd

A

Kamenev and Stalin

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19
Q

when did Stalin and Kamenev arrive

A

mid-march

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20
Q

when did the BOlsheviks start to form their own path

A

on 3 April 1917 when Lenin returned

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21
Q

who helped Lenin back into Russia

A

the germans

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22
Q

why did the Germans let Lenin back in

A

to stir up trouble

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23
Q

What did Lenin travel in

A

a sealed train

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24
Q

How long had Lenin been in exile for

A

17 years

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25
Q

What did Lenin map his policy in

A

his ‘letters from afar’ written between 7 and 26 march

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26
Q

what did Lenin and Trotsky not accept

A

the ‘bourgeois stage’ of revolution

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27
Q

why did Lenin see that a bourgeois stage was not necessary

A

it was too weak to carry through a full revolution

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28
Q

where was Lenin’s political programme reissued

A

in the ‘April Theses’

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29
Q

What demands were made in the April Theses

A
  • the war should be brought to an immediate end
  • power should be transferred to the soviets
  • all land should be taken over by the state and re-allocated to peasants by local soviets
30
Q

what were the mottos of demand for the Bolsheviks

A

‘peace, bread and land’ and ‘all power to the soviets’

31
Q

what did some Bolsheviks fear about Lenin

A

that he had grown out of touch during his year of exile and that his radical proposals would do more harm than good

32
Q

what allegations were made about Lenin

A

that he was in the pay of the germans

33
Q

How did Lenin eventually get his way

A

due to his skills of persuasion, tactful retreat and compromise, threats of resignation and appeals to the rank and file.

34
Q

what did Lenin claim

A

personal credit for much that was already happening in Russia, not least the peasants’ seizure of land

35
Q

was Lenin responsible for the seizure of land

A

no, as it occurred in his absence of any authority to control their actions

36
Q

when did Lenin win over the majority of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party

A

April

37
Q

how did Lenin win over the majority of the committee

A

the sheer force of personality

38
Q

where were armed demonstrations organised

A

the Kronstadt Naval base in July, where they used Bolshevik slogans

39
Q

where did the Kronstadt demonstrations spread to

A

the centre of Petrograd

40
Q

what threatened to undermine Lenin’s position

A

when peaceful protests turned violent when shots were fired at the demonstrators, leading to chaos and uncontrolled rioting

41
Q

who was blamed for the Bloodshed of the Petrograd demonstrations

A

the Bolsheviks.

42
Q

what happened to the Bolsheviks after the demonstrations

A

the offices of Pravda were closed and warrants were issued for the arrest of their leaders.

43
Q

Which banners dominated the June Demonstrations

A

Bolshevik banners

44
Q

Wh replaced Lvov as PM

A

Kerensky

45
Q

when did Kerensky become PM

A

18 July

46
Q

Who did Kerensky appoint as Commander in Chief of the army in July

A

General Lavr Kornilov

47
Q

What did Kornilov reinstate

A

the death penalty

48
Q

What did Kornilov do at the end of August

A

ordered six regiments of troops to march on Petrograd

49
Q

why did Kornilov call the six regiments to march

A

to crush the Soviets and establish a military dictatorship

50
Q

why did the Kornilov coup fail

A

Kerensky released imprisoned Bolsheviks and provided workers with weapons from the government’s armouries to halt Kornilov’s advance.

51
Q

Who were the main beneficiaries of the ‘Kornilov Coup”

A

the bolsheviks, as they took the lead in organising the Petrograd Red Guards.

52
Q

How did the Bolsheviks use the situation after the coup

A

They milked the propaganda opportunities the affair presented and poured scorn on the Kerensky government, basking in the reputation of being the only group to have opposed Kornilov consistently

53
Q

What happened to Bolshevik membership

A

it went from 23,000 in February to 200,000 in October

54
Q

what other things happened to the magnitude of the Bolsheviks

A

they were producing 41 newspapers and commanded a force of 10,000 Red Guards

55
Q

What happened to the Soviets in September

A

the Bolsheviks won a majority in both the Petrograd and Moscow Soviets in September, and on 26 September Trotskt even became chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet

56
Q

What happened on 5th October

A

Kerensky sent some of the more radical army units out of Petrograd, to prepare for front-line service.

57
Q

who became chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet on 26th September

A

Trotsky

58
Q

what was Lenin doing throughout September

A

he had begun bombarding the 12-man Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party with letters demanding that they prepare for revolution and the seizure of power.

59
Q

What did Lenin suggest on 12th September

A

‘History will not forgive us if we do not assume power now’, but three days later the Central Committee voted against a coup

60
Q

who were the two members who disagreed with Lenin

A

Kamenev and Zinoviev

61
Q

What did Kamenev and Zinoviev believe

A

that they should not act before the Constituent Assembly elections.

62
Q

What did Trotsky argue

A

they should work through the Petrograd Soviet and wait for the Congress of Soviets which was due to be convened on 26 October.

63
Q

What day did Lenin speak with the central committee

A

10th October

64
Q

What was the vote in the central committee

A

10-2

65
Q

what did Lenin convince the committee

A

that ‘an armed rising is the order of the day

66
Q

What did Zinoviev and Kamenev say in Novaia Zhin

A

‘if we take power now and we are forced into a revolutionary war, the mass of soldiers will not support us’

67
Q

Who was in charge of organising the revolution

A

Trotsky

68
Q

how did Trotsky organise the revolution

A

he sent Bolshevik speakers around the factories, whipping up support, and in accordance with the SOviet resolution of 5 October, a ‘Military Revolutionary Committee’, was set up under Trotsky and Dzezhinsky on 16 October

69
Q

Where were commissars sent

A

to all Petrograd’s garrison units and 15 of the 18 declared their allegiance to the Soviet, rather than the Provisional Government

70
Q

what did the committee eventually have control over

A

200,00 Red Guards, 60,000 Baltic Sailors and 150,000 soldiers

Russian History (15 decks)

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