Developmental Theories + Defining adulthood (Test 2)

Question 1

What did Loevinger say about adolescence conforming?

Answer 1

Adolescence at a self-aware level between conformist and conscientious
Conform: doing what everyone else does
Conscientious: doing what you want tot do based on your own morals and values

Question 2

How does individuality and identity form, according to Loevinger?

Answer 2

Individuality and identity are formed by encountering dilemmas and effectively dealing and overcoming them in a positive manner

Question 3

What should a family lifecycle look like, according to Carter McGoldrick?

Answer 3

Parents and children must separate so young adults can develop responsibilities.

Question 4

What are the three tasks McGoldrick said must happen to achieve parent and child separation when the child is a young adult?

Answer 4

ICI
1. Individuation - creating one’s self by mixing morals, values, customs and beliefs of the family by origin w/one’s own distinct morals, values, customs and beliefs

2. Commitment to career or workplace role
3. Intimate relationships - creating relationships of social and emotional support with peers and the immediate family cycle

Question 5

What are the three tasks McGoldrick said must happen to achieve parent and child separation when the child is a young adult?

Answer 5

ICI
1. Individuation - creating one’s self by mixing morals, values, customs and beliefs of the family by origin w/one’s own distinct morals, values, customs and beliefs

2. Commitment to career or workplace role
3. Intimate relationships - creating relationships of social and emotional support with peers and the immediate family cycle

Question 6

What was Daniel Levinson’s theory of the seasons of life?

Answer 6

Early adulthood last 25 years (17-40s)
At age 22-28, they are entering the adult world. Identified by 4 major tasks:
MOLD
-Mentor relationships
-Occupation (job)
-Love, marriage, family
-forming a Dream

Question 7

What did Klaus Riegal believe about dimensions in life?

Answer 7

Believed in 4 interrelated internal + external dimensions
PBEC
-Individual Psychological dimensions
-Individual Biological dimension
-Environmental dimensions
-Cultural-sociology dimensions

Question 8

Leonard Pearlin disagrees with the stages theories. What did he say about development?

Answer 8

Believes life is made up of continuous changes w/ occasional periods of stability
Believed people can change their life structures at any time

*how I remember Leonard Pearlin is the one that disagrees with stages: Leonard Pearlin= NO stages
Leonardo Dicaprio = NO oscars (he does NOt go on STAGE to accept an oscar)

Question 9

Leonard Pearlin disagrees with the stages theories. What did he say about development?

Answer 9

Believes life is made up of continuous changes w/ occasional periods of stability
Believed people can change their life structures at any time

*how I remember Leonard Pearlin is the one that disagrees with stages: Leonard Pearlin= NO stages
Leonardo Dicaprio = NO oscars (he does NOt go on STAGE to accept an oscar)

Question 10

Define adulthood.

Answer 10

Adulthood is the period of life that follows adolescence and childhood and lasts until death. When adulthood begins depends on when adolescence ends; this is not clearly defined in western society.

Question 11

What/who are considered youth?

Answer 11

Transition beginning during adolescence and continuing into early adulthood - widely accepted as 15-34 yrs of age in research. Many feel like they are adults until late 20s.

Question 12

What did Erikson believe in terms of development?

Answer 12

Erikson describes predictable stages in one’s life

• 8 stages in life in which identity emerges and matures
• beli

Question 13

What did Erikson believe in terms of development?

Answer 13

Erikson describes predictable stages in one’s life

• 8 stages in life in which identity emerges and matures
• believed in 3 clocks - biological (physical), social (community and culture), psychological (mental and emotions)

-Identity reflects the psychological clock which is a product of the biological and social clocks

Question 14

What did Erikson consider to be the dilemma of adolescence?

Answer 14

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Defining who you are and who you will be in the future
• Who you are vs. who you should be
• in resolving this dilemma, individuals gain the strength of fidelity

Question 15

What did Erikson consider to be the dilemma of early adulthood?

Answer 15

Intimacy vs. Isolation

• Sharing vs. separation, merging identity w/someone else’s but not losing sense of self
• means revealing thoughts and feelings
• individuals must determine who they are before they can share themselves with someone else

Question 16

What was Jane Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development?

Answer 16

believed in the formation of ego - the understanding of self

• full ego development means having an autonomous self-self-reliant person who accepts oneself and others as being complex and unique
• Loevinger believed in 10 stages of development determined by a psychologist