Developmental Theories Flashcards
conditioned response
Pavlov’s work - learned response pairing a neutral stimulus (ringing bell) with a potent stimulus (feeding) - result = dog salivating when bell is rung
empty organism concept
infant has capacity for action built into their physical makeup (B.F. Skinner)
Law of effect
(B.F. Skinner) behavior of children is shaped largely by adults - behaviors resulting in satisfying consequences are likely to be repeating
schedules of reinforcement
(B.F. Skinner) rather than reinforcing every correct behavior - one can reinforced a fixed percentage of positive behaviors across a schedule
Intermittent reinforcement
reinforcement given intermittedly (not constantly) to reinforce behavior (B.F. Skinner)
morality of care
(Carol gilligan - feminist) - reflects caring, responsibility and non-violence - more based on women’s experience developing morality
loss (in relation to the elderly)
developed by butler + lewis, loss for elderly can be loss of social roles, significant others, loss of career, loss of income, loss of health
elderly resilience
-only 4-6% live in nursing homes
-10-15% receive homecare
most significant mental illness is in elderly
-Anxiety
-Cognitive impairment
-Mood disorders
1 in 5 mental illness rate
highest suicide rate age population
Elderly- higher the age the more likely
person-in-environment theory
theory considering the influence a client has on their environment and the impact that multiple environments (social, economical, family) have on the client.
-gravitates towards social justice
Preorientation (Pelpau’s interpersonal relationship theory)
helping professional (social worker) prepares, anticipating possible reactions
Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relationships
-relationship between the helping professional with expertice and the client
-4 phases - preorientation, orientation, working and termination
Orientation (Pelpau’s interpersonal relationship theory)
Roles and responsibilities of the helping professional clarified in initial interview
Working (Pelpau’s interpersonal relationship theory)
professional and individual explore together and promote individual’s problem-solving skills
Termination (pelpau’s interpersonal relationship theory)
Summarizing and reviewing
systems theory
focuses on contex/different systems (groups, families, etc.) to effect the individual
-notes that all systems are interrelated and change in one will promote change in others
open system (systems theory)
open systems accept outside input and accomodate
closed systems (systems theory)
resist outside input due to rigid and impenetrable barriers/boundaries
entropy (systems theory)
disorder within a social system
homeostasic balance (systems theory)
natural tendency of systems to reestablish and maintain stability
ecosystems theory
person’s environment shapes them
goodness of fit (ecosystems theory)
individuals and environments accomodating to eachother. Can be optimized by modifying client’s perceptions/thoughts/feelings about their environments.
family lifecycle
states typical individuals go through (independence, coupling, parenting, empty nest, retirement)