Definitely memorize! Flashcards
Conduct Disorder
-delibrate cruelty and disregard for other’s rights and property
-aggression to people, animals and destruction are common
-over the course of 1 year
-child-onset type is before age 10
Intermittant explosive disorder
-pattern of behavior occuring twice weekly and lasting at least 3 months, temper outbursts
-may or may not result in injury to animals or others
-episodes are not planned, but impulsive
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
-symptoms in categories of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness
-lasts for 6+ months
-mild - one setting
-moderate - two settings
-severe - three or more settings
Antisocial personality disorder
-only diagnosed after age 18 with a hx of conduct disorder before age 15
at least 3 of the following:
-blatant disregard of safety of self or others
-unlawful behavior
-deceitfulness
-impulsivity
-physical aggression
-irresponsible behavior
typically do not show remorse
which variable is most important for understanding a person’s functional ability?
-environment in which they live
which treatment is MOST effective for OCD in adults?
-combination of medication and therapy
-therapy would be exposing clients to their fears and helping clients experience their thoughts
-thought stopping is not effective - blocking negative thoughts and replacing them with positive thoughts
Somatic symptom disorders
-symptoms associated with a medical condition that are not explained by a specific physical condition
-symptoms present for at least 6 monthsI
Illness anxiety disorder
-formerly hypograndiacs
-unrealistic preoccupation with having or getting a severe illness
Factitious disorder
Munchausan’s
-Faking an illness for attention
Malingering
Factious disorder (faking illness) for some sort of reward
Interpreters during session
-whenever possible, social worker should find interpreters that will support the client to be honest and confidentiality maintained
-Best practice NOT to have family or friends as interpreters
micro-level interactions
between social worker and client
mezzo-level interactions
-development/implimentation of social service initiatives at local and small community levels
-helping groups of people at a time
Schizotypal personality disorder
unusual beliefs/magical thinking, social anxiety or strange behavior.
i.e. someone who thinks they can control the weather with their mind]
Schizophreniform
-same as schizophrenia but at least one month, less than 6
-hallucinations
-delusions
-disorganized speech
-disorganized/catatonic behavior
-negative symptoms (dimished expression)
Schizophrenia
-more than six months
-symptoms present for at least 1 month
-hallucinations
-delusions
-disorganized speech
-disorganized/catatonic behavior
-negative symptoms (dimished expression)
Brief Psychotic Disorder
-delusion that has sudden onset but lasts less than 1 month
conflict theory
-power struggles between different roles i.e. administrator to janitor
classifications in DSM 5
-neurodevelopmental disorders
-schizophrenia spectrum/other psychotic
-bipolar disorders
-depressive disorders
-anxiety disorders
-Obsessive-compulsive disorders
-trauma and stressor disorders
-disassociative disorders
-somatic symptom and related disorders
-feeding and eating disorders
-elimination disorders
-sleep-wake disorders
-sexual dysfunctions
-gender dysphoria
-disruptive, impulse control, conduct
-substance-related disorders
-neurocognitive disorders
-personality disorders
-paraphillic
-other mental disorders
NASW Code of Ethics Core Values
- Service
- Social Justice
- Dignity and Worth of a Person
- Importance of human relationships
- Integrity
- Competence
Assessment: Biopsychosocial model
Biological: medical health/hx, genetic factors
psychological: mental health hx, emotional state, cognitive functioning
social: family, social networks, cultural background, socioeconomic status
Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust
Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame
Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt
School age: Industy vs. Inferiority
Adolescence: Indentity vs. Role Confusion
Adulthood: Intimicy vs. Isolation
Later adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Elderhood: Integrity vs. Despair
Crisis Intervention Steps
- Assess for safety/danger
- Establish rapport/connection
- Identify major problems
- Explore feelings/emotions
- Generate and explore alternatives
- Develop an action plan
- follow-up
Experimental study
m
manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect - treatment intentionally introduced and outcome observed, explicit control group
Quasi-experimental study
like experimental but without random control groups
Correlational study
examines relationships between variables without manipulation
Qualitative study
-in depth exploration of experiences, often through interviews/focus groups
Borderline Personality Disorder
-instability in social relationships, self-image and affect coupled with high impulsivity
5+:
-desperate attempts to escape feelings of abandonment
-unstable and intense personal relationship that goes between admiration and devaluation
-dramatic shifts in self-image
-impulsivity
-suicidal ideation/non-suicidal self-harm
-emotional instability
Histrionic Personality Disorder
lifelong pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
5+:
-annoyance when not recieving attention
-sexual provocation
-shifting emotional expression
-vague speech
-exaggerated expressions
-easily influenced by others
-believes casual relationships are more intimate than they are
-uses ones appearance for attention
Narcissistic personality disorder
-grandious behavior + lack of empathy
5+:
-grandiousity/superiority
-fantasies of their own pattern and beuty
-belief in one’s personal uniqueness
-idealized sense of self + admiration
-exploitation of others
-lack of empathy
-envious of others or believes others are envious of them
-arrogant behaviors
Stages of group development
-forming - forming the group
-storming - conflict/power struggles
-norming - establishing norms/rules
-performing- working towards goals
-adjourning - terminating
conflict theory
-conflict brings necissary upheaval to bring change
-conflicts occur due to lack of insight into the “other” i.e. leaders to the poor
null hypothesis
there will be no measurable difference
-no relationship exists between two variables
-if studies results indicate significant difference, null hypothesis=rejected
-if no significant difference, study failed to reject null hypothesis
Disassociative Amnesia
1+ episodes of forgetfulness (not ordinary fogtfulness)
-can be after a traumatic event
-usually temporary
-with a dissociative fugue - impulsive travel
localized: unable to remember all events around a defined time period
selective- cannot recall some events pertaining to a specific time period
generalized - memory loss spanning entire life
Depersonalization/Derealization
-
-feeling outside of oneself (depersonalization)
-derealization (visual distortion)
karyotype
picture of individual’s chromosomes (23 pairs)
pairs missing a chromosome - monosomy
pairs with an extra chromosomes - trisomy
case presentation
-no identifying information of the client
factors that influence healthy aging
self-esteem and self-achievement
client consent
do not assume because someone says they have it they do - get signed consent
most important in supporting a client’s sobriety
-what drugs were you using?
Female Orgasmic Disorder
failure to reach orgasm even with proper stimulation
Genito-pelvic pain disorder
any form of pain that occurs during intercourse and lasts
Schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia (delusions/hallucinations for 2+ weeks) + significant mood disorder (depression/mania)
theory of change
-
mapping out why you think the desired outcome will happen
cluster evaluation
most helpful when multiple states/programs are involved
-involves many participants
frotteurism
rubbing against someone unconsentually
exceptions to confidentiality
-court orders
-harm to self or others
-suspected child/elder abuse
-client consent for info release
ADHD facts
-boys 2x as likely as girls
9.4% of children
preteens/teens more likely than preschool age to have diagnosis
EBP (Evidence Based Practice)
-formulate clear clinical question
-search for the best evidence
-evaluate the evidence
-integrate evidence with client needs/preferences
-evaluate the outcomes
-share findings
community organizing
-building skills of community members
-help them develop the power to impact community well being
which parental charectoristic will likely negatively impact a kid?
-incarceration of a caregiver
-high risk for homelessness, poverty, criminal activity, antisocial behavior
of those with a mental health or substance use disorder, how many will have the other at some point in their lives?
one half (1/2)
single subject designs
-primarily concerned with one individual or a small group’s behavior and the impact of interventions on that behavior
-used in clinical settings to assess effectiveness of interventions
-social worker should have control over the client’s environment when using a single subject design (i.e. inpatient setting)
Bulimia
-Binge Eating followed by compensatory behaviors (throwing up, over exercising, etc.)
-occur at least once a week for 3 months
-mild - purging 1-3 times a week
-moderate - purging 4-7 times a week
-severe - purging 8-13 times a week
-extreme- purging 14+
Which LGBTQ populations are most likely to have concerns?
-middle to old age due to living through AIDS epidemic, violence, discrimination, workplace discrimination and high levels of rejection
social worker may terminate due to non-payment after doing three things..
-making financial contracts clear
-assessing if client poses imminent risk to self or others
-explaining clinical or other consequences of non-payment status
systemic review
oberservational study in which researchers identify and analyze previous studies on the topic
-much more efficient
-less comprehensive then research summary
research summary
compilation of all research within a practice area
-comprehensive + time intensive
meta-analysis
-synthesis of data from multiple studies
-fairly comprehensive, but less comprehensive than a research summary
family life education
practice dedicated to the wellbeing of individuals through education of relationships, family dynamics and personal development
Primary Prevention
-prevention before the problem occurs
secondary prevention
immediately after something has occured, preventing it from getting worse
tertiary prevention
long term responses after something has occured and dramatically effects someone
requirements for surgery for gender dysphoria
-therapist referral
-health screening
-psychosocial assessment
selective incivillity
when individuals decide who to descriminate against
resistance
-a client’s aim to avoid discomfort, uncomfortable thoughts/feelings
feedback loops
-reflective evaluation of what has been done, learned and accomplished thus far to inform current or next steps
Bipolar One Disorder
-Manic Episode, elevated mood for at least 1 week that leads to significant impairment
-manic phase is evident, noticible, significant, may need hospitalization
-only a manic episode is needed to diagnosis! - could have depressive episode but doesn’t need it
Bipolar II Disorder
-Hypomanic phase - at least 4 days - less severe manic state
-usually not requiring hospitalization - period with more energy with that crash
-one episode of Major depressive disorder
Cyclothymic disorder
-similar to bipolar disorder II with highs and lows but does not meet criteria for mania or MDD
-less severe than mania
-less severe than MDD
-symptoms present for at LEAST TWO YEARS
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
- Oral (0-1) - pleasure of the mouth
- Anal (1-3 years) - pleasure focuses on bowels
- Phallic (3-6) - genitals
- Latency (6-puberty) dormant sexual feelings
- Genetil stage (puberty on) - maturation and control of sexual interests
Id, Ego, Superego
Id: Instinctual drives - pleasure principle
Ego: Rational mind - operates on the reality principle
Superego: Moral conscious, incorporates societal standards
Freud’s theory of unconcious
Levels of awareness:
1. Concious: thoughts we are aware of
2. Preconcious: thoughts we are not in immediate awareness but can be accessed
3. Unconcious: feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories outside of conscious awareness
Psychodynamic Perspective
-Behavior is influenced by unconcious motives and early life experiences
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor stage (0-2) - coordination of senses with motor responses/sensory curiosity
Preoperational stage (2-7) - use of grammar to express concepts, imagination
Concrete Operational stage (7-11) - starting to understand basic questions + answers
Formal operation (11+) - abstract thought
Maslow’s Hierarchy
- Phsyiological
- Safety and belonging
- love/belong
- self esteem
- self actualization
Stages of change
-Precontimpletation - no intention to change
-Contemplation - aware of problem but no commitment to action
-Preperation - preparing to address problem
-Action - addressing problem
-Maintance - sustained change
-Termination
Generalist Intervention Model
-Engagement
-Assessment
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation
-Termination
-Follow-up
Informed Consent
-Client’s right to understand treatment and voluntariness
Service
-Help people in need an address social problems
-Prioritize client’s well-being above other interests
-Advocate for social justice
-Empower clients
Social Justice
-Challenge injustice and work to promote equal rights
Importance of Human Relationships
-Recognize the central role of relationships in supporting and assisting clients.
-Develop strong relationships with clients
-Work collaboratively with clients and other professionals
-Help clients maintain health support systems
Integrity
Socialworkers behave in a trustworthy manner and are honest and transparent in their professional conduct
-Provide truthful information
-Adhere to ethical guidelines to make decisions
-Take accountability for professional conduct
Competence
Social workers practice within their areas of competence and seek to continually enhance skills and knowledge
-Professional development
-Supervision
-Scope of practice - provide services within areas you have training
Parallel process
-overidentification with the client and their issues
-client has issues that the therapist resonates with and responds to from the experience of her own life
Countertransference
Therapist projects their own feelings experiences or issues onto a client.
Gottman Method
Method of couple’s therapy focusing on assessing relationship between couples while increasing affection and empathy
Schizoid Personality Disorder
-Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
-a restricted range of emotional expression
Translational research
Type of research that aims to translate scientific discoveries into practical application to improve clinical practice
NASW guidance on self-disclosure
It should only be used as a last resort - when it is therapeutically useful and no other way to achieve the same aim
Family Systems Therapy
Views problems within individuals as the result of dysfunction within the whole family system - working on improving communication and relationships among family members
-homeostasis - families strive for it
-subsystems - families have subsystems with their own rules
-boundaries are important and lead to issues - emmeshment (no boundaries), disegagement (no connection)
Structural Family Therapy
Therapeutic approach that focuses on altering the family structure and hierarchy to improve family functioning
-clear boundaries between subsystems
Strategic family therapy
Therapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and changing dysfunctional behaviors within the family rather than the whole family structure - ex. teenager acting out
-focuses on changing how family members interact with one another
-short term n results focused
-first order change- surface level changes in behavior
-second-order change: fundamental shifts in family structure and dynamics - more like structural family therapy
techniques:
-directives: specific tasks or assignments given to family members to change behavior
-paradoxical interventions- encouraging family to continue problematic behaviors to highlight dysfunction
Bowen Family systems theory
theory that emphasized understanding family dynamics through the lens of intergenerational patterns and differentiation of self
-differentiation of self- maintain separate identity while staying emotionally connected to the family
genogram
detailed family tree mapping emotional relationships/patterns
Narrative therapy
therapeutic approach that focuses on the stories people create about their lives and seeks to reframe and reauthor those narratives to empower individuals.
Emotionally focused therapy
used for individuals, couples families.
based on idea that emotions are connected to needs - improve emotional connection/bonding
-about encouraging open and vulnerable communication of emotions
reality testing
-assess the accuracy of one’s beliefs and interpretations of reality
SOAP Treatment Planning
Subjective (hearing the client out)
Objective: (gaining measurable data)
Assessment: therapist’s clinical judgement/interpretation
Plan: Proposed treatment plan or intervention
risk factors to suicide
-psychiatric disorders - MDD, bipolar, PTSD, Panic disorder, schizophrenia
-sunstance use - alcohol/drug use
-hx of attempts - strong predictor
-family hx
-life stressors - death of loved one, trauma, relationship breakdowns
-isolation
-chronic illness
-access to means
-feelings of hopelessness
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
-high achievement, striving for perfectino, desire for control and lack of satisfaction
(obsessive/ritualized behavior is for the DISORDER not the PERSONALITY DISORDER)
echolalia
part of normal language development - decreases by age 3 - repetition of words or phrases
serious physical illness in childhood results in…
-delays in achieving expected milestones in academic achievement and socialdevelopmental
substitution
defense, replacing an unattainable goal with an attainable goal
idealization
attributes exaggeratively positive traits to self or others
undoing
defense, using words or actions to symbollically reverse unacceptable thoughts, feelings or actions
compensation
-personmakes up for real deficiencies in another way
projection
defense mechanism where someone has uncomfy thoughts and feelings and they project these onto someone else
i.e. unfaithful wife suspecting her wife of being unfaithful
Abreaction
Carl Jung
-the emotional release through reliving a traumatic event
Catharsis
The lively remembering of a traumatic event and the release
Analytical/Jungian Therapy
-Carl Jung
-exploring deeper parts of the psyche, including collective unconcious and archetypes to achieve personal growth
collective unconcious
carl jung, part of unconcious all beings share that contain arch types
archetypes
universal symbols of the distinct parts of us that influence behavior and makeup personality
persona
mask we put on for others, carl jung
anima
feminine side, carl jung
animus
masculine side, carl jung
four basic aspects of personality (jung)
-thinking: rational process
-feeling: values/emotional responses
-sensation: percieving through the sense
-intuition: percieving through unconcious processes
cognitive approach
behavior stems from thoughts - best changed by changing thoughts
-focuses on the present and is problem-focused
do child/teen groups require guardian consent
yes they do!
signs of readiness for termination
-attaining treatment goals
-therapeutic relationship being no longer needed
-client’s interests changing
-client not being a danger to self or others
natural groups
groups that form independently and seek a moderator later
formed group
groups formed around a certain issue or goal
short-term groups
groups around a crisis situation (i.e. hospitalization of a loved one)
based on the NASW, what should social workers do if they have conflicts with a supervisor
meet 1:1 with the employee or supervisor they’re having conflict with. If concerns are not addressed, take to HR/director
cultural assimilation
-minority culture has adopted behaviors of the dominate culture - minority cultures loses culture/behavior
ethnocentrism
judging other cultures based on their own beliefs
cultural accumulation
when one culture adopts some trates from another culture
cultural accomodation
one culture is integrated into another culture
what happens if someone wants to make a decision for an elder/incapacitated person?
Check for power of attorney, if not, ask the person what they want directly
based on the NASW code of ethics, if a peer is impaired under a substance, what should someone do?
-support them with help and resources
-if the peer has not taken action towards help, peer should inform the supervisor or licensing board
how do you mobilize a community towards a common goal?
-create organizational structure
-engage community leaders to bring diversity to organization
-develop a shared vision
-conducts a needs assessment
-educate the community
complimentarity
Complementarity refers to the way in which different roles, behaviors, or characteristics of individuals in a relationship or group interact and complement each other, leading to a balanced and functional dynamic.
alignments
coalitions built by different subsystems of the family, which may or may not be problematic
disengagements
when the family becomes isolated from one anothers
if short-term therapy…
limit expression of deep or intense feelings
documentation requirements
-straightforward, honest, accurate
-all services provided, even outside of scheduled meetings
-should be cautious about what’s said about the client because they can request their records at anytime
ego psychology’s ego functions
-reality-testing: differentiate between internal world and reality
-jugement: make decisions
-impulse control: manage impulses
-affect regulation
-defense mechanisms
-synthetic function-integrate aspects of personality, experiences and conflicts into a whole
-object relations - form meaningful relationships with others
-autonomy and mastery - set and achieve goals
-stimulus barrier- manage stimulus/sensory input
-thought process’- logical thinking
punitive parenting
physical and verbal abuse
-risk factor for kids
authoritarian parenting
-high expectations and harsh punishments
what shows resistance to treatment?
-withholding info
delirium
-rapid onset - sudden, severe confusion
-fluctuating course throughout the day
-short lasting
-some type of cause (i.e. medication, illness, substance use)
dementia
-slow and persistant escalation of symptoms over a period of time
-unlike delerium, not reversable
-impaired memory, cognitive decline, bavioral changes
-Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form
senile
indicator of age (over 65)
dysthymic disorder
-less intense symptoms of depression, occurs 2 years or more
major depressive disorder
-severe depression symptoms -symptoms must be present for at least two weeks
-symptoms must occur most of the day, everyday
-recurrant episodes - multiple episodes over their lifetime
cultural lag
keeping aspects of culture that may be unhelpful where they currently live
suicide evaluaation
-once intent/plan is established, request client go to hospital voluntarily
-if they do not follow through, call 911
oedipus complex
children have a draw towards opposite sex parent and hatred towards same sex parent
-little boy then fears father and has castration anxiety
penis envy
girls want to be boys
can a provider threaten to close a case?
-never, even if not showing up
who has the highest self esteem?
adults at 60
-self esteem increases in early childhood, has a decrease around adolescence, and then increases until the person reacheslate adulthood
rapproachment
need for infant to have independence while seeking security
confluence
the loss of boundary between oneself and the environment, or between oneself and another person. It involves merging with others to the extent that individual differences and personal identity are lost.
gestalt therapy
Definition: A humanistic, experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual’s experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person’s life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.
NASW code on physical contact
-do not engage if it causes psychological harm to the client
ADPIE (general problem solving)
-Assessment
-Diagnosis
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation
Aloplastic behavior
individual changes a part of the environment to better accommodate to their needs - ex quitting toxic job
partialization
taking a lot of complex problems and focusing on them one at a time and setting priorities with initial focus on problem that is most crucial
Heinz Hartmann’s ego psychology
-believed children are born with both ids and egos
-children have the rudimentary ability to think rationally
-ego helps individuals adapt to their environment
compassion fatigue
feeling overwhelmed, numb and detached after emotional exhaustion in helping overtime
decision-oriented approach
evaluation of existing agency data, along with observation, interviews and surveys
customer/peer review
limited to interviews/surveys
performance audit
third party auditor who reviews and rates program performance standards
structuralist management style
views organizations deeply impacted by environmental factors, with conflict as inevitable but not necessarily negative if managed properly
Minuchin’s model of structural family therapy
changing family structure (i.e. who has the power, what are the rules), working on subsets and boundaries within subsets, strengthen parental leadership.
Acording to freud, one way to manage the subconscious is…
thinking before acting
can you restrict a part of a client records if it’s harmful?
yes, just document the reasons why. Can also restrict anything that can breach confidentiality of others (i.e. reporting suspected abuse)
fixation
arrested personality formation at a state short of maturation
i.e. obsessing about being a teenager as a 50 year old woman
devaluation
putting negative qualities on oneself or others to cope with stress
affiliation
seeking support from others instead of “going it alone”
SOAP is a method of…
problem-oriented recording
Circular questions
help the family members understand the standpoint of another- particularly with a family member who is misundersood
counter-paradox
a problem behavior is perscribed
positive connotation
reframes problematic behaviors as ways to maintain family solidarity
neutrality
(systemic family therapy) alliances between the social worker and family members are discouraged to not promote triangulation
ethnographic interviewing
deeper cultural insight through client narratives
culturagram
identify cultural family ties and connections
object relations
branch of psychoanalytics theory
derived from freud/ego psychology
-focuses on interaction of others and their internalized images of others (objects) - usually parents
Margaret Mahler’s seperation-individuation theory
individual seperates from the mother to become an individual
Melanie Klien’s object relations theory
early relationships with important people (i.e. ‘objects’) shape us which affect us later in life
projective identification
projecting unwanted traits onto another, which they begin to inherit and act out
exeptional eligibility programs
serve clients with specific common needs (i.e. Veterans affairs)
selective eligibility programs
require specific eligibility to be elegible for these (i.e. income linked)
universal programs
programs without any restrictions
role discomplimentarity
mismatch or conflict between expectations of different roles in a system
vicarious liability
a legal principle where one party is held liable for the actions or omissions of another party. In social work, this often applies to supervisors or agencies being held responsible for the actions of social workers or supervisees.
Case management
assessment
planning
linking
monitoring
advocacy
adaptive functioning
-when assessing degree of an intellectual disability, this is most important
paranoid personality disorder
reluctance to confide in others, belief others are trying to exploit them and suspicions that lovers are unfaithful
when is the most effective time to discuss sexual hx?
during assessment phase of clients 15 and older
gestalt therapy
-focuses on the whole person, including thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences
-here and now
-bringing unsolved emotions that effect current behavior
early remission of a substance
3-12 months symptom free except craving
sustained remission
12+ months symptom free except craving
neuroimaging cannot…
diagnose a mental illness
Medicare
Medical insurance and hospital insurance, ages 65+
intellectual disability
-cognitive impairment (iq testing)
-diagnosed before age 18
acute stress disorder
similar to PTSD but last one month after the event and a shorter duration
systemic family therapy
-focuses on the family as a system rather than individually
-the whole family effects human behaviors
-works on changing whole patterns within the family (i.e. communication issues)
internal conflicts
part of psychodynamic theory, internal conflicts between our ego functions (i.e. id, ego, superego) causing us issues
-to cope with these conflicts we use defense mechanisms
free association
part of psychodynamic theory, letting people speak freely on their thoughts
