Developmental process Flashcards
Time frames are approximate:
Individual variations are common
(-)Indicates reflexes which are typically integrated by the end of the current time period
(+) indicates reflexes which typically first appear during the current time period
Birth to 3 months: Reflexes present
- Galant
- Stepping
- Root & suck
- Palmar grasp
- Moro/ Startle
- ATNR
- Positive support
- Plantar grasp
- Head righting
Galant:
0-2 months normal response when held face down to move hips toward the stimulated side when the back is stroked along the spinal cord
Stepping:
0-2 Months: elicited when the infant is held upright and inclined forward with the soles of the feet touching th flat surface
Foot & Suck
Elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek the infant will turn towards the stimulus
Palmar grasp:
Flexion of the fingers through stimulation of the palm of the hand
Moro/ Startle:
Sudden loss of support causes the arms to first abduct then adduct, the baby may cry
ATNR:
Fencing reflex: jaw side extension, skull side flexion for UE & LE
Tonic Lavrinthine: with infant in supine position extending the head elicits the back to stiffen and arch, legs straighten/stiffen/close together, toes point. arms/elbows/wrists flex, hands fist with finger flexion
Positive Support:
When weight is placed on the balls of feet when upright, legs and trunk stiffen into extension
Plantar grasp:
Stroke the sole of foot and the toes will flex and invert slightly
Head Righting:
aka: Labyrinthine righting reflex: corrects body orientation when taken out of normal upright position ( the head is out of position and when corrected the rest of the body follows) use of vestibular system
Gross motor skills:
- Flexed posture dominates
- Independent movement of knees, ankles and toes
- Log roll
Fine Motor skills
Firm grasp
4 Months:
Reflexes present:
- (-) Palmar grasp: start to resolve
- Moro/ Startle
- ATNR: Tonic Labrinthine
- Positive support
- Plantar grasp
- Heat righting
- (+) Landau: infant is held in a horizontal prone position at the trunk, the body arches into extension and the head and limbs extend in response: superman
5 Months:
Reflexes present:
- (-) Moro/Startle
- ATNR: Tonic Labrinthine
- Positive support
- Plantar grasp
- Head righting
- Landau
- (+) Equilibrium reactions in prone ( maintaining postural alignment in relationship to gravity and space)
Gross motor skills: 5 months
- Antigravity neck flexion
- Prone on elbows and hands
Fine motor skills: 5 months
Play with feet in supine
6 Months:
Reflexes present:
- (-) ATNR Tonic Labrinthine
- Positive support
- Plantar grasp
- (+) STNR: neck flexion results in UE flexion and LE extension, neck extension results in UE extension and LE flexion
- Head righting-Landau
- Protective reactions: forward improves
- Equilibrium reactions in prone improve
Gross motor skills: 6 Months
- Pivot in prone
- Reaching in prone
- Segmental rolling: upper body vs whole body: log roll
Fine Motor skills:
- Voluntary palmar grasp
- Transfer object from hand to hand
7 Months:
Reflexes present:
- (-) Positive support
- Plantar grasp
- STNR
- Head righting
- Landau
- Protective reactions: Lateral
- Equilibrium reactions in prone and (+) supine
Gross motor skills: 7 Months
- Crawl on abdomen
- Sitting with one hand support
Fine Motor skills: 7 Months
-Radial Palmar grasp
8 Months:
Reflexes present: -Plantar grasp -STNR -Head righting -Landau _Protective reactions: lateral improves -Equilibrium reactions in prone, supine and (+) sitting
Gross motor skills: 8 Months
- Sitting independently
- Upper trunk rotation during play
Fine motor skills: 8 Months
-Voluntary release
9 Months
Reflexes present:
- (-) Plantar grasp
- (-) STNR
- Head righting
- Landau
- Protective reactions: backwards
- Equilibrium reactions in prone, supine, sitting
Gross motor skills : 9 months
- Pull to stand
- Creeping hands and knees
Fine motor skills: 9 months
-Radial digital grasp
10 Months
Reflexes present:
- Head righting
- Landau
- Protective reactions: backwards improves
- Equilibrium reactions in prone, supine, sitting and (+) quadruped
Gross motor skills: 10 Months
-Cruising
Fine Motor skills: 10 Months
-Inferior pincer grasp: thumb & side of index finger
12 Months
Reflexes Present:
- Head righting
- Landau
- Protective reactions: all planes
- Equilibrium reactions in prone, supine, sitting and quadruped
Gross motor skills: 12 months
Walking
Fine motor skills: 12 months
- Three-jaw chuck: the pad of the thumb opposes against the index and middle finger for precision grasp
- Superior pincer grasp: thumb & index finger tips
- Release an object into a container
