Developmental Coordination Disorders / Attention

Question 1

DCD definition

Answer 1

motor coordination markedly below expected levels for chronological age and intelligence.

NOT due to a general med condition

doesn’t meet criteria for a pervaive development disorder.

Question 2

Exclusion criteria for DCD

Answer 2

1. motor impairment must not be caused by, or have symptoms of an identifiable neurological problem
2. child must not have disturbances in tone, sensory loss, or involuntary movements

Question 3

DCD:

Frequent comorbidities

Answer 3

ADHD

Learning Disability

Question 4

DCD:

Prevalence

Answer 4

• 5-8% of all school aged children
• boys > girls
• usually ID between 6-12 y.o.

Question 5

DCD:

Pathophysiology theories

Answer 5

• heterogenous disorder
• continuum of CP but neuro damage at cellular or neurotransmitter level
• Neuronal processing deficit. disorder of interaction of various CNS levels

Question 6

DCD:

Common Impairments

Answer 6

1. poor strength and coordination
2. jerky movements
3. poor visual perception
4. joint laxity
5. poor spatial organization
6. inadequate info processing
7. poor sequencing
8. poor feedback/feedforward motor control
9. poor short and long term memory

Question 7

DCD:

Common activity lmitations

Answer 7

1. awkward slow gait
2. delayed, poor quality of fine motor skills
3. delayed oral motor skills

Question 8

When is a common time to identify motor skills with DCD

Answer 8

Kindergarten due to its high % of daily activities and structure around motor skills.

Question 9

DCD:

Environmental participation restrictions

Answer 9

1. doors too heavy to open
2. competitive PE
3. Late between classes
4. Time to dress/undress for recess
5. slow and messy writing
6. peers don’t want to try to understand conversations

Question 10

DCD:

Personal participation restrictions

Answer 10

1. depression
2. unmotivated
3. low self-esteem
4. poor fitness
5. no concern for time restriction
6. vocational anxiety

Question 11

DCD:

soft neuro signs

Answer 11

1. hypotonia
2. persistence of primitive reflexes
3. immature balance reactions

Question 12

DCD:

possible early indicators

Answer 12

1. difficulty managing a spoon, toy, scribbling, or pedaling a tricycle
2. difficulty w/self care skills

Question 13

DCD:

prognosis

Answer 13

children do not outgrow DCD

Question 14

DCD:

what assessment tool is the gold standard

Answer 14

Movement Assessment Battery for Children

Question 15

DCD:

bottom up intervention

Answer 15

focus on remediating underlying deficits through selective transmittal of sensory info.

CNS interprets and organizes into development of appropriate movement strategy

Question 16

What are some examples of bottom up intervention for DCD

Answer 16

1. SI therapy
2. Process-oriented treatment
3. Perceptual Motor Training

Question 17

DCD:

top down intervention

Answer 17

emphasis on cognitive or problem solving skills to select and implement most appropriate strategies for successful task performance

Question 18

example of top down interventions for DCD

Answer 18

task specific intervention

cognitive approaches

Question 19

DCD: Which intervention style has the most research in support

Answer 19

Top Down

Question 20

DCD:

Task specific intervention

Answer 20

1. focuses on direct teaching of skills

2. minor tasks broken into steps

Question 21

DCD:

Cognitive approaches

Answer 21

1. emphasize active problem solving

2, child uses verbal guidance

Question 22

T/F: Cognitive approach has added advantage of promoting independent problem solving

Answer 22

True

Question 23

DCD:

modifications for home

Answer 23

1. encourage games/sports they are interested in
2. physical activity for enjoyment
3. introduce sport individually before playing in a group
4. ask leading questions “what do you do first?”
5. select clothing child can manage independently

Question 24

DCD:

modifications for school

Answer 24

1. properly positioned
2. realistic STGs
3. extra time for fine motor activities
4. introduce computers early
5. adapted pencil grips

Question 25

DCD:

modification for physical education

Answer 25

1. break down activity into smaller parts
2. choose activities that will ensure success at least 50%
3. reward effort > skill
4. incorporate activities which require a coordinated response from arms and/or legs
5. predictable environment
6. use hands in dominant/assist fashion
7. participation goals > competition

Question 26

ADHD

Answer 26

• frequently involves motor problems

- 30-50% also have DCD

Question 27

Core symptoms of ADHD

Answer 27

1. inattention
2. impulsivity
3. hyperactivity