Developmental Coordination Disorders / Attention Flashcards
DCD definition
motor coordination markedly below expected levels for chronological age and intelligence.
NOT due to a general med condition
doesn’t meet criteria for a pervaive development disorder.
Exclusion criteria for DCD
- motor impairment must not be caused by, or have symptoms of an identifiable neurological problem
- child must not have disturbances in tone, sensory loss, or involuntary movements
DCD:
Frequent comorbidities
ADHD
Learning Disability
DCD:
Prevalence
- 5-8% of all school aged children
- boys > girls
- usually ID between 6-12 y.o.
DCD:
Pathophysiology theories
- heterogenous disorder
- continuum of CP but neuro damage at cellular or neurotransmitter level
- Neuronal processing deficit. disorder of interaction of various CNS levels
DCD:
Common Impairments
- poor strength and coordination
- jerky movements
- poor visual perception
- joint laxity
- poor spatial organization
- inadequate info processing
- poor sequencing
- poor feedback/feedforward motor control
- poor short and long term memory
DCD:
Common activity lmitations
- awkward slow gait
- delayed, poor quality of fine motor skills
- delayed oral motor skills
When is a common time to identify motor skills with DCD
Kindergarten due to its high % of daily activities and structure around motor skills.
DCD:
Environmental participation restrictions
- doors too heavy to open
- competitive PE
- Late between classes
- Time to dress/undress for recess
- slow and messy writing
- peers don’t want to try to understand conversations
DCD:
Personal participation restrictions
- depression
- unmotivated
- low self-esteem
- poor fitness
- no concern for time restriction
- vocational anxiety
DCD:
soft neuro signs
- hypotonia
- persistence of primitive reflexes
- immature balance reactions
DCD:
possible early indicators
- difficulty managing a spoon, toy, scribbling, or pedaling a tricycle
- difficulty w/self care skills
DCD:
prognosis
children do not outgrow DCD
DCD:
what assessment tool is the gold standard
Movement Assessment Battery for Children
DCD:
bottom up intervention
focus on remediating underlying deficits through selective transmittal of sensory info.
CNS interprets and organizes into development of appropriate movement strategy
What are some examples of bottom up intervention for DCD
- SI therapy
- Process-oriented treatment
- Perceptual Motor Training
DCD:
top down intervention
emphasis on cognitive or problem solving skills to select and implement most appropriate strategies for successful task performance
example of top down interventions for DCD
task specific intervention
cognitive approaches
DCD: Which intervention style has the most research in support
Top Down
DCD:
Task specific intervention
- focuses on direct teaching of skills
2. minor tasks broken into steps
DCD:
Cognitive approaches
- emphasize active problem solving
2, child uses verbal guidance
T/F: Cognitive approach has added advantage of promoting independent problem solving
True
DCD:
modifications for home
- encourage games/sports they are interested in
- physical activity for enjoyment
- introduce sport individually before playing in a group
- ask leading questions “what do you do first?”
- select clothing child can manage independently
DCD:
modifications for school
- properly positioned
- realistic STGs
- extra time for fine motor activities
- introduce computers early
- adapted pencil grips
DCD:
modification for physical education
- break down activity into smaller parts
- choose activities that will ensure success at least 50%
- reward effort > skill
- incorporate activities which require a coordinated response from arms and/or legs
- predictable environment
- use hands in dominant/assist fashion
- participation goals > competition
ADHD
- frequently involves motor problems
- 30-50% also have DCD
Core symptoms of ADHD
- inattention
- impulsivity
- hyperactivity
