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Autism Flashcards

1
Q

ASD is a range of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by:

A
  • social impairments
  • communication difficulties
  • restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior
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2
Q

How common is Autism

A

between 1/68 to 1/50 children

more common in males

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3
Q

genetic conditions associated w/Autism

A
  1. tuberous scoliosis
  2. fragile x
  3. prader-willi
  4. angelman
  5. down syndrome
  6. moebius?
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4
Q

Brain abnormalities associated with autism

A
  1. underconnectivity
  2. decreased cortical thickness
  3. glial inflammation
  4. decreased purkinje cells
  5. dysfunction of mirror neurons
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5
Q

ASD:

Marked impairment of communication

A
  1. Delay/lack of spoken language
  2. ability to initiate or sustain conversation impaired
  3. stereotyped and/or repetitive use of language
  4. idiosyncratic language
  5. pitch, intonation, rate, rhythm, stress are abnormal
  6. comprehension delayed
  7. lack of varied, spontaneous make believe play
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6
Q

ASD:

Marked Impairment of Social Interaction

A
  1. reciprocity and awareness of others impaired
  2. no interest in establishing friends
  3. lack of understanding of social conventions
  4. lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment or interests w/others
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7
Q

ASD:

Markedly Restricted Repertoire of Activities and Interests

A
  1. encompassing preoccupation w/1 or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest
  2. increased adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
  3. stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
  4. repetitively mimicking actions
  5. insistence on sameness
  6. resistance/distress over trivial changes
  7. highly attached to some inanimate objects
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8
Q

Autism:

Associated Features

A
  1. mental retardation
  2. cog skills uneven
  3. hyperactivity
  4. short attention span
  5. impulsivity
  6. aggressiveness, self injurious behavior, tantrums
  7. abnormalities of mood/affect
  8. abnormalities in eating/sleeping
  9. oversensitivity to sensory stimuli
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9
Q

In autism, __ are the defining features

A

social impairments

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10
Q

Autism Motor Impairments: Infants and Toddlers

A
  1. delay in acquisition of motor skills w/tendency for assymetry
  2. delayed reaching/grasping, clapping, pointing, playing w/blocks/puzzles, turning door knobs
  3. may see unusual postures, rocking, arm flapping
  4. waddling gait, lack of heel toe and reciprocal arm swing
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11
Q

Autism Motor Impairments: Childhood

A
  1. ataxic or parkinsonian gait
  2. poor upper and lower limb coordination
  3. poor visuomotor coordination
  4. poor bilateral coordination
  5. poor manual dexterity
  6. poor feedback/feedforward control
  7. impairments in imitation and praxis
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12
Q

Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)

A

difficulties in regulating and organizing the nature and intensity of behaviors in response to specific domains of sensory input

ex: tactile, olfactory, visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular

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13
Q

3 categories of SMD

A
  1. Underresponsive
  2. Overresponsive
  3. Sensation Seeking

also mixed patterns

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14
Q

Dunn Model of Sensory Processing

A

Atypical responses to sensory stimulation can be sub-classified based on neurological threshold and corresponding behavioral responses to stimuli

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15
Q

SMD Dunn Model:

Low neurological threshold

A

more sensitive to stimuli

sensory sensitive or sensory avoiding

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16
Q

SMD Dunn Model:

High neurological threshold

A

require higher intensity or frequency of input to register sensation

Low registration or sensory seeking

17
Q

SMD:
_ neurological threshold is more correlated w/deficiencies and incompetence than high levels in high functioning children w/ASD

A

Low

18
Q

Sensory Integration Therapy

A

Program involving meaningful therapeutic activities characterized by enhanced sensation.

especially tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, active participation, and adaptive interaction

19
Q

Autism Treatment

A
  1. use of visual supports
  2. activity schedules
  3. Interventions for hyper/hyposensitivity
  4. compensatory strategies
  5. Educate patient and family
20
Q

Autism Treatment:

use of visual supports

A

picture cards used to increase on-task behaviors, decrease disruptive off-task behaviors

21
Q

Autism Treatment:

Activity Schedules

A

provides order, predictability, alleviates anxiety

22
Q

Autism Treatment:

Hyposensitivity

A
  1. activities rich in tactile input
  2. activities providing deep pressure to joint and muscle sensory receptors
  3. vestibular input activities
  4. Sensory Diets
23
Q

T/F: Hyposensitivity treatment should be passive and not actively applied

A

False

should be active and not passively applied. Should be related to function if possible

24
Q

Autism Treatment:

Hyposensitivity- Sensory Diets

A

planned and scheduled sensory activities developed by the therapist and carried out by the patient or family

25
Q

Autism Treatment:

Hypersensitivity

A
  1. planned, controlled, specific sensory activities on a regular basis
  2. tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive regular and consistent
  3. deep pressure often calming
26
Q

T/F:

For hypersensitivity, unexpected light touch or quick movement should be avoided

A

True

27
Q

Hypersensitivity: Brushing Program

A

Wilbarger program

Surgical scrub brush firmly and rhythmically applied down arms, legs, and back 5-10 times followed by joint compression

6-10x/day

28
Q

Hypersensitivity treatment: vibration

A

may temporarily decrease hypersensitivity by using artificial proprioception

29
Q

Compensatory Strategies

A

alter environment to decrease sensory stimulation

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