cog issues in older adult Flashcards
Types of Memory
- Sensory
- Short Term
- Long Term
types of sensory memory
- iconic (visual)
- echoic (auditory)
- haptic (touch)
Types of short term memory
working
Types of long term memory
- implicit (procedural)
- explicit
- declarative semantic
- declarative episodic
differences between delerium and dementia
- delerium short term, demtentia long term
2.
delirium or dementia:
long term
dementia
delirium or dementia:
caused by medication, anesthesia, or encephalopathy
delirium
delirium or dementia:
caused by degeneration in the brain
dementia
delirium or dementia:
one of the 1st symptoms of UTI in elderly
delirium
What % of gen med is affected by delerium?
wide range
2-50%
What are the types of delirium?
- hyperactive
- hypoactive
- mixed
In regards to hospitalization, delrium is associated with:
- increased length of stay
- prolonged recovery times
- institutionalized care
- increased morbidity and mortality rates
Delirium pathophysiology
- Brain structural changes
- neurotransmitter disturbance in cholinergic/adrenergic pathways
- elevated inflammatory cytokines
- multifactorial in older adults
at least _% of delerium cases are preventable
30-40%
Prevention and management of delerium
- determine cause and remediate ASAP
- ID drugs linked to delirium
- nonpharmacologic interventions
drugs linked to delirium
- psychoactive agents
- narcotics
- anticholinergics
delirium: nonpharmacologic interventions
- cog orientation
- early mobility
- enabling adequate hearing and vision
- promote normal sleep-wake cycle
- proper nutrition/hydration
dementia: a global impairment impacting intellectual functioning, memory, and at least one of the following:
- abstract thinking
- judgement and language
- ID of people/objects
- personality changes
- ability to use object appropriately
types of dementia
- AD
- vascular dementia
- dementia w/lewy bodies
- frontotemporal dementia
- mixed pathologies
Levels of cog impairment
- subjective cog impairment
- mixed
- moderate
- severe
- Amnestic vs Nonamnestic
Vascular dementia accounts for _ % of dementia cases
accounts for 20-30%
vascular dementia key features
- cerebrovascular disease
- usually abrupt
- less severe memory loss than AD
- can occur w/AD (mixed)
vascular dementia:
affected brain areas
- medial temporal atrophy
- cortical and subcortical lesions
vascular dementia:
clinical symptoms
- impaired attention/planning
- difficulty w/complex activities
- disorganized thoughts
Dementia w/Lewy Bodies accounts for _% of dementia cases
8%
accepted to be highly underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed
Lewy Body Dementia:
Key Features
- complex visual hallucinations
- parkinsonism
- sleep disturbances
- autonomic symptoms
- fluctuating cog
- can occur w/PD
Lewy Body Dementia:
affected brain areas
- medial temporal lobe (less severe than AD)
- occipital hypoperfusion and hypometabolism
- loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra
- limbic
- brainstem
- neocortex
LBD 3 primary presentations
- PDD
- dementia w/lewy bodies
- neuropsychiatric symptoms (leads to DLB)
Frontotemporal dementia accounts for _% of dementa
3-10%
frontotemporal dementia:
key features
- more common in 50-60 y.o.
- memory often intact early stage
- sig changes in behavior/personality
- disinhibition
types of frontotemporal dementia
- Pick’s disease
- progressive supranuclear palsy
- corticobasal degeneration