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Paediatrics > Developmental Assessment > Flashcards

Developmental Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What age would the lack of the following milestone be of concern?

A

4 months

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2
Q

At what age would a lack of the following developmental milestone be of concern?

A

18 months

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3
Q

What are red flag signs on developmental assessment?

A
  • Loss of developmental skills
  • Hearing loss
  • Persistent low muscle tone/ floppiness
  • No speech by 18 months - esp if no other communication
  • Asymmetric movements/increased muscle tone
  • Not walking by 18m/Persistent toe walking
  • OFC - > 99.6th / < 0.4th / crossed two centiles/ disproportionate to parental OFC
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4
Q

What is the definition of development?

A

Gaining functional skills throughout childhood

Typically 0-5 yrs

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5
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Fine motor

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6
Q

What is the following milestone?

A

Pull to stand

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7
Q

What developmental domain does the following milestone fall under?

A

Fine motor

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8
Q

What biological risk factors can influence development?

A
  • Prematurity
  • Low birth weight
  • Birth asphyxia
  • Chronic illness
  • Hearing/vision impairment
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9
Q

At what age do children begin to feed themselves with cutlery?

A

12-18 months

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10
Q

What is failure to thrive/faltering growth?

A

Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for his or her age

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11
Q

What weight are children by 6 months of age?

A

Approximately double their birth weight

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12
Q

What is the following milestone?

A

Stacking 4 or more blocks

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13
Q

What is the following developmental milestone?

A

Crawling on hands and feet

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14
Q

What age do children start to refer to parents directly (e.g. mama and dada)?

A

7-10 months

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15
Q

What age does the following developmental milestone commonly occur?

A

10 months

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16
Q

If you had trialed feeding in hospital for faltering growth, and intake had been poor, what could be the causes (in a general sense…)?

A
  • Organic disease
  • Feeding disorder
  • Non-organic/mixed
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17
Q

What weight do children normally reach by the age of 12 months?

A

10 kg

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18
Q

What age does the following developmental milestone commonly occur?

A

12-18 months

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19
Q

What age do children normally begin to start walking up and down stairs without support?

A

18 months - 2 years

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20
Q

If you had trialled feeding in hospital in a child with faltering growth, and there was good intake but no weight gain in hospital, what would you suspect the cause would be?

A

Organic cause e.g. coeliac disease etc.

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21
Q

What is the following milestone?

A

2 blocks or more stacking

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22
Q

At what age do children start to form sentences?

A

20-24 months

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23
Q

What developmental domain does the following fall under?

A

Fine motor

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24
Q

When does the following milestone normally occur?

A

8-9 months

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25
Q

If you had trialled feeding in hospital in a child with faltering growth, and there was good intake in hospital, what would you then assess to determine the cause?

A

Weight gain

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26
Q

What is the following developmental milestone?

A

Rolling (back to belly)

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27
Q

What is the following developmental milestone?

A

Lifting head and chest

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28
Q

At what age are children normally able to walk up and down stairs, one foot per step at a time?

A

2.5 - 3 years

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29
Q

At what age should you be concerned that a child has produced no clear words?

A

18 months

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30
Q

What age would the lack of the following developmental milestone be of concern?

A

6 months

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31
Q

What developmental milestone is this?

A

Sitting unsupported

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32
Q

If you had trialled feeding in hospital in a child with faltering growth, and there was good intake and weight gain in hospital, what would you suspect the cause would be?

A

Non-organic e.g. poor feeding/neglect

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33
Q

What age does this milestone most commonly occur?

A

6 months

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34
Q

When does this milestone normally occur?

A

2 months (6-8 weeks)

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35
Q

What are the 3 key measurements of a child under the age of 2 years?

A
  • Weight
  • Length
  • Head circumference
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36
Q

What age do you take head circumference up to?

A

2 years

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37
Q

What age would a lack of the following milestone become of concern?

A

2 years

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38
Q

When does the following milestone normally occur?

A

10 months

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39
Q

At what age would the lack of this milestone be of concern?

A

2 months

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40
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Gross motor

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41
Q

What age are children able to follow a set of 3 simple instructions in order, and what developmental domain is this?

A

3.5-4 years

Speech and Language

42
Q

What environmental factors influence development?

A
  • Poverty
  • Low parental education
  • Parental mental illness
  • Social isolation
  • Maternal alcohol
  • Drugs
43
Q

What developemental milestone is this?

A

Social smile

44
Q

What age would a lack of the following milestone be a concern?

A

12 months

45
Q

What developmental domain is this?

A

Gross motor

46
Q

What are the 5 developmental domains?

A
  1. Gross motor
  2. Fine motor
  3. Speech and language
  4. Social
  5. Self help
47
Q

What can baby’s start to do once they reach the following milestone?

A

Walk around whilst holding onto things

48
Q

At what age would the lack of the following milestone be of concern?

A

12 months

49
Q

If you wanted to determine the cause of faltering growth after Hx and Ex, what would you do?

A

Admit to hospital and trial feeding

  • Observe feeding
  • Mother handling
  • Dietetics review
  • Development
50
Q

What age do children start to develop 1 or 2 words with meaning?

A

12-18 months

51
Q

At what age does object permanence begin to occur?

A

9-12 months

52
Q

When does the following milestone commonly occur?

A

6-8 weeks

53
Q

At what age does the following developmental milestone commonly occur?

A

4-6 months

54
Q

What are some of the non-organic causes of faltering growth?

A
  • Poverty/socio-economic status
  • Dysfunctional family/parent child interactions
  • Lack of parental support
  • Lack of preparation for parenting/education
  • Child neglect
  • Emotional deprivation syndrome
  • Poor feeding or feeding skills disorder
55
Q

What is the following milestone?

A

Transfer object from one hand to another

56
Q

What is the following developmental milestone?

A

Walking unaided

57
Q

When would the lack of the following milestone become a concern?

A

12 months

58
Q

What age does the following milestone most commonly occur?

A

About 2 years

59
Q

What is the following developmental milestone?

A

Pincer gasp

60
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Gross motor

61
Q

What is the following known as?

A

Bottom shuffling - often runs in families

62
Q

At what age do you start measuring the childs height rather than their length?

A

2 years

63
Q

What age does the following milestone commonly occur?

A

18 months

64
Q

What developmental domain is this?

A

Social

65
Q

What is object permanence?

A

Looks for objects when they fall out of sight

66
Q

What age would the lack of the following milestone be of concern?

A

18 months

67
Q

What age do children normally begin to respond to their name?

A

6-9 months

68
Q

What are some maternal causes of faltering growth?

A
  • Poor lactation
  • Incorrectly prepared feeds
  • Unusual milk or other feeds
  • Inadequate care
69
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Fine motor

70
Q

At what age would the lack of the following developmental milestone be of concern?

A

9 months

71
Q

What age do children start babbling?

A

6-9 months

72
Q

When examining a child with faltering growth, what would you be looking for signs of?

A
  • Dysmorphic features
  • Developmental delay
  • Anthropometric discrepancy
73
Q

What is the average head circumference by 12 months?

A

45 cm

74
Q

What factors can influence development?

A
  • Genetics
  • Environment
  • Early Experience
  • Antenatal problems - infections, toxins
  • Post natal - infection, toxins, trauma, malnutrition, metabolic, maternal, abuse, under stimulation
75
Q

What age would a lack of the following milestone be of concern?

A

9 months

76
Q

What age does the following milestone commonly occur?

A

7 months

77
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Gross motor

78
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Gross motor

79
Q

What developmental domain is the following milestone?

A

Gross motor

80
Q

What age would a lack of reaching for things become a concern?

A

6 months

81
Q

What is casting?

A

When a child drops an object and watches it fall

82
Q

What age do children normally reach with a palmar grasp?

A

6 months

83
Q

What age does casting normally occur?

A

12 months

84
Q

What is the direction of normal development (i.e. is it head to toe or toe to head)?

A

Cephalocaudal

85
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A
  • Moro
  • Grasp
  • Rooting
  • Stepping response
  • Asymmetrical neck response
86
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTz-iVI2mf4

Sudden extension of the head causes symmetrical extension, then flexion, of the arms

87
Q

What is the grasp reflex?

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TidY4XPnFUM

Flexion of fingers when object placed in palm

88
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7_Y_jg2soc

Head turns to stimulus when touched near the mouth and begins sucking (rooting) - helps with breastfeeding

89
Q

What is the stepping response reflex?

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJIcKkxx7wg

Stepping movements when held vertically and foot dorsum touches surface

90
Q

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A

Lying supine, infant adopts an outstretched arm to the side the head is turned

91
Q

What are the postural reflexes?

A
  • Labyrinthine
  • Postural support
  • Lateral propping
  • Parachute
92
Q

What is the labyrinthine reflex?

A

Head moves in opposite direction to the way the body is tilted

93
Q

What is the postural support reflex?

A

When held upright, legs take weight and may push/bounce

94
Q

What is the lateral propping reflex?

A

In sitting, the arm extends on the side to which the child falls as a saving mechanism

95
Q

What is the parachute reflex?

A

When suspended face down, the arms extend as though to save themselves

96
Q

What age do children develop symbolic play?

A

18 months

97
Q

What is symbolic play?

A

Ability of children to use objects, actions or ideas to represent other objects, actions, or ideas as play.

98
Q

What age do children begin to scribble?

A

18 months

99
Q

What age can children normally draw circles?

A

3 years

100
Q

What age can children draw circular scribbles?

A

24 months

101
Q

What age can children walk up stairs with alternative feet?

A

4 years

Paediatrics (27 decks)

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