Developmental area - Bandura and Kohlburg Flashcards
What is classical conditioning
Learning through association e.g. sound of bell means food is coming.
What is Operant conditioning
Learning through reinforcement
What is social learning theory
That people learn from one another through observation imitation and modelling.
What was the background behind Bandura’s experiment
Bandura created his social learning theory and wanted to test it.
What was the aim of Bandura’s research
To see whoever children would imitate aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity.
What was Bandura’s research method
Lab
Describe Bandura’s Sample
36 boys and 36 girls from 3 - 6 years old
What sampling method did bandura use.
Self selecting
What pretesting did Bandura do
To control for pre existing aggression each child was testing on their -
.Physical agression
.Verbal agression
.Agression towards objects
What was the procedure for bandura’s study.
- Children in room playing for 10 mins.
- 12 boys and 12 girls shown aggressive model
- 12 boys and 12 girls shown non aggressive model
- 12 boys and girls not shown either.(control group)
- All children then subject to aggression arousal
- Children then put in room with non aggressive and aggressive toys and observed through one way mirror.
What was the aggression arousal in bandura’s study
Children sent to one room for 2mins then told toys weren’t for them.
What results did Bandura get.
.Male subjects more aggressive then females
.Non agressive model made children less aggressive then control
.Agressive model made children far more aggressive then control.
What was the background to Kohlberg’s study
Kohlberg’s ideas on moral development came from Piaget’s ideas.
Describe Kohlberg’s Sample
72 chicago males aged from 10 - 16 years old, 52 where followed up yearly for 20 years.
What was Kohlberg’s procedure
- Particpiants did an interview yearly lasting for two hours
- Where asked about 10 moral dilemmas and chose out of four options and where asked there reason why.
- Kohlberg then interpreted this data to fit into his 6 stages.
Why did Kohlberg collect data from several different countries.
So he could see if there was a difference depending on culture and so it has ecological validity.
Name the 1st stage of moral development
Obedience and punishment orientation - follow the rules so your not punished, action is wrong if consequence is bad.
Name the 2nd stage of moral development
Self interest orientation - right action favours the individual
Name the 3rd stage of moral development
Good boy good girl orientation - behaviour judged as right or wrong based on the intention of the person doing it.
Name the 4th stage of moral development
Authority and social order orientation - You have to follow the rules and laws which set out what is right and wrong.
Name the 5th stage of moral development
Social contract orientation - right and wrong are judged by what the majority of people in society think.
Name the 6th stage of moral development
Set your own ethical principles based on the equality of human rights and respect for dignity and human beings.
What did Kohlberg conclude
.The stages follow the same sequence no steps skipped
.Not everyone reaches stage 6
.Each stage added to the previous
