Developmental area - Bandura and Kohlburg

Question 1

What is classical conditioning

Answer 1

Learning through association e.g. sound of bell means food is coming.

Question 2

What is Operant conditioning

Answer 2

Learning through reinforcement

Question 3

What is social learning theory

Answer 3

That people learn from one another through observation imitation and modelling.

Question 4

What was the background behind Bandura’s experiment

Answer 4

Bandura created his social learning theory and wanted to test it.

Question 5

What was the aim of Bandura’s research

Answer 5

To see whoever children would imitate aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity.

Question 6

What was Bandura’s research method

Answer 6

Lab

Question 7

Describe Bandura’s Sample

Answer 7

36 boys and 36 girls from 3 - 6 years old

Question 8

What sampling method did bandura use.

Answer 8

Self selecting

Question 9

What pretesting did Bandura do

Answer 9

To control for pre existing aggression each child was testing on their -
.Physical agression
.Verbal agression
.Agression towards objects

Question 10

What was the procedure for bandura’s study.

Answer 10

1. Children in room playing for 10 mins.
2. 12 boys and 12 girls shown aggressive model
3. 12 boys and 12 girls shown non aggressive model
4. 12 boys and girls not shown either.(control group)
5. All children then subject to aggression arousal
6. Children then put in room with non aggressive and aggressive toys and observed through one way mirror.

Question 11

What was the aggression arousal in bandura’s study

Answer 11

Children sent to one room for 2mins then told toys weren’t for them.

Question 12

What results did Bandura get.

Answer 12

.Male subjects more aggressive then females
.Non agressive model made children less aggressive then control
.Agressive model made children far more aggressive then control.

Question 13

What was the background to Kohlberg’s study

Answer 13

Kohlberg’s ideas on moral development came from Piaget’s ideas.

Question 14

Describe Kohlberg’s Sample

Answer 14

72 chicago males aged from 10 - 16 years old, 52 where followed up yearly for 20 years.

Question 15

What was Kohlberg’s procedure

Answer 15

1. Particpiants did an interview yearly lasting for two hours
2. Where asked about 10 moral dilemmas and chose out of four options and where asked there reason why.
3. Kohlberg then interpreted this data to fit into his 6 stages.

Question 16

Why did Kohlberg collect data from several different countries.

Answer 16

So he could see if there was a difference depending on culture and so it has ecological validity.

Question 17

Name the 1st stage of moral development

Answer 17

Obedience and punishment orientation - follow the rules so your not punished, action is wrong if consequence is bad.

Question 18

Name the 2nd stage of moral development

Answer 18

Self interest orientation - right action favours the individual

Question 19

Name the 3rd stage of moral development

Answer 19

Good boy good girl orientation - behaviour judged as right or wrong based on the intention of the person doing it.

Question 20

Name the 4th stage of moral development

Answer 20

Authority and social order orientation - You have to follow the rules and laws which set out what is right and wrong.

Question 21

Name the 5th stage of moral development

Answer 21

Social contract orientation - right and wrong are judged by what the majority of people in society think.

Question 22

Name the 6th stage of moral development

Answer 22

Set your own ethical principles based on the equality of human rights and respect for dignity and human beings.

Question 23

What did Kohlberg conclude

Answer 23

.The stages follow the same sequence no steps skipped
.Not everyone reaches stage 6
.Each stage added to the previous