developmental and genetic disorders Flashcards
What is Anodontia?
Lack of teeth, associated with hereditary ectodermal dysplasia.
What is Hypodontia?
Lack of one or more teeth, most commonly third molars and maxillary lateral incisors.
What are Supernumerary teeth?
Extra teeth, commonly mesiodens or maxillary fourth molar (paramolar).
What syndromes are associated with Supernumerary teeth?
Gardner syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome.
What are the features of Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia?
Hypodontia, hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, frontal bossing, and saddle nose.
What is Microdontia?
Abnormally small teeth, can be generalized or localized.
What teeth are most commonly affected by Microdontia?
Maxillary laterals and third molars.
What is Macrodontia?
Abnormally large teeth, can be generalized.
What is Relative Macrodontia?
Normal tooth size with a small maxilla and mandible.
What is Hemifacial hypertrophy and how does it affect teeth?
One side of the face is larger, and teeth on the larger side may erupt early.
What is Dens in Dente?
Tooth in a tooth, also known as Dens Invaginatus.
What is Protostylid?
Accessory cusp.
What is a Talon cusp?
Accessory cusp in the cingulum of a maxillary or mandibular incisor.
What is Fusion?
Union of two separate tooth germs, single crown with separate or fused roots, reduced tooth count.
What is Concrescence?
Union of two adjacent teeth by only cementum, a type of fusion.
What is Gemination?
Dividing single tooth germ, two crowns but one root, normal tooth count.
What is Twinning?
Complete cleavage, two teeth from one tooth germ.
What is an Enamel Pearl?
Ectopic enamel, in furcation of maxillary and mandibular molars.
What is Dens evaginatus?
Accessory enamel cusp on occlusal surface, mandibular premolar most common (Leong’s premolar).
What is Taurodontism?
Tooth with large pulp chamber and short roots, apical displacement of pulpal floor and root bifurcation.
What is Globodontia?
Enlarged bulbous fused posterior teeth, no cusps or grooves.
What syndromes are associated with Globodontia?
Otodental/oculo-oto-dental syndromes, eye coloboma, and hearing loss.
What can cause tooth staining?
Minocycline/tetracycline staining, hemoglobin pigments (erythroblastosis fetalis).
What causes green/yellow/brown discoloration of teeth?
RH disease = increased hemolysis, hemoglobin, and bilirubin.
What is Hypoplasia?
Incomplete enamel development.
What is a Turner tooth?
Hypoplasia caused by trauma to mandibular central incisors.
What are diffuse opacities?
An environmental enamel defect.
What are demarcated opacities?
An environmental enamel defect.
What is Dentinogenesis imperfecta?
A defect in dentin structure.
What are the types of Dentinogenesis imperfecta?
Type I: associated with osteogenesis imperfecta Type II: not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta; commonly opalescent teeth Type III: brandywine; shell teeth
What is Dentin dysplasia?
A defect in dentin structure.
What are the types of Dentin dysplasia?
Type I: radicular roots are short Type II: thistle tube
What are ghost teeth a feature of?
Regional Odontodysplasia.
What is Macroglossia?
Abnormally large tongue.
What is Ankyloglossia?
Tongue tied.
What is Lingual Thyroid?
Failure of migration of the primitive thyroid tissue.
What is Fissured Tongue?
A tongue with grooves or fissures on its surface.
What is Fissured Tongue associated with?
Geographic tongue and Melkerson-Rossenthal syndrome.
What is Stafne defect?
A pseudocyst (no epithelial lining) below the inferior dental canal.
Where is a Nasopalatine duct cyst located?
Between apices of roots of vital maxillary central incisor.
Where is a Median palatal cyst located?
Midline of hard palate, more posterior than nasopalatine duct cyst.
What are Palatal cysts of newborn?
Epstein’s pearls and Bohn’s nodule.
Where are Epstein’s pearls located?
Midline along the line of fusion.
Where are Bohn’s nodule located?
Hard/soft palate, derived from minor salivary glands.
Where is a Nasolabial Cyst located?
In lip below ala of nose.
What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity?
Nasolabial Cyst.
Where is the Cyst of the palatine papilla located?
In the papilla.
What kind of cyst is a Dermoid cyst?
Developmental cyst.
Where does a Dermoid cyst occur?
Floor of mouth above mylohyoid muscle.
What is another name for Cervical lymphoepithelial cyst?
Branchial cleft cyst.
Where is a Cervical lymphoepithelial cyst located?
Lateral neck anterior to SCM.
What are the features of Acatalasia?
Lack of catalase and gangrenous lesions.
What is another name for Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid?
Cicatricial Pemphigoid.
What are the features of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid?
Oral, conjunctiva, and genital lesion.
What is another name for Hemifacial Microsomia?
Oral mandibular auricular syndrome.
When does Hemifacial Microsomia occur?
Fourth embryonic week.
How common is Hemifacial Microsomia?
Second most common birth defect after facial cleft.
What is the most common soft tissue tumor of infancy?
Infantile hemangioma.
What is the growth pattern of Infantile hemangioma?
Rapid growth 8-12 months, slow regression/involution.
What is the growth pattern of Vascular malformation?
Not rapid increase in size, no involution.
