Developmental

Question 0

What does learning theory propose?

Answer 0

That all behavior is learnt rather than hard wired

Question 1

What is the definition of attachment?

Answer 1

Two creatures seeking proximity to each other

Question 2

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 2

Learning thorough association (e.g Pavlov’s law)

Question 3

What is Operant conditioning?

Answer 3

Learning through being rewarded or punished when you do something.

Question 4

Name the main strength of the learning theory

Answer 4

It explains attachment well

Question 5

what is the basis of classical conditioning?

Answer 5

that we learn through association

Question 6

what is the main limitation of the learning theory?

Answer 6

that comfort plays a stronger role in attachment than association with food

Question 7

what does innate mean?

Answer 7

characteristics that are hardwired into the genes

Question 8

what does the continuity hypothesis say?

Answer 8

that emotional secure infants go in to be emotionally secure adults

Question 9

what are social releasers

Answer 9

smiling, crying, frowning

Question 10

why is care giving also innate?

Answer 10

it increases the chance of preserving the carers genes

Question 11

it increases the chance of preserving the carers genes

Answer 11

the idea that the one main relationship the infant has is the one of significance in emotional development

Question 12

name the main limitation of the learning theory

Answer 12

doesn’t cover how comfort plays a stronger role in attachment than food association

Question 13

what is monotropy ?

Answer 13

The idea that an infants emotional health is based off the relationship with only one main carer

Question 14

what does hierarchy mean in terms of attachment?

Answer 14

The main carers that the infant interacts with and is attached to

Question 15

what is imprinting

Answer 15

an innate readiness to develop a strong bond whith a mother figure which takes place during a critical or sensitive period

Question 16

sensitive period

Answer 16

the time where a child is most open to an attachment

Question 17

what is an internal working model?

Answer 17

A model that allows individuals to predict their environment

Question 18

name all the different attachment types

Answer 18

secure

insecure-avoidant

insecure-resistant

disorganized

Question 19

describe a secure attachment

Answer 19

They seek proximity to the care giver, are easily soothed, are not likely to cry when the caregiver leaves the room. likes to explore and uses carer as a fail safe base.

Question 21

describe insecure-avoident

Answer 21

They avoid social interactions, shows little preference of carer, does not seek proximity to carer and does not seem distressed on the carers departure.

Question 22

describe insecure-resistant

Answer 22

on separation they are extremely distressed, on reunion they resist close contact but maintain proximity, they seem to be angry with their caregiver.

Question 23

describe disorganized attachment

Answer 23

they show a lack of consistent patterns of social behavior. they display odd movements. they also can switch between strong attachment and avoidance randomly.

Question 24

what is separation protest?

Answer 24

the distress shown by an infant when separated from his/her primary attachment figure

Question 25

what is stranger anxiety?

Answer 25

the distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar

Question 26

name an ethical issue of the strange situation

Answer 26

It causes the infants distress

Question 27

name an argument that claims the strange situation is ethically sound

Answer 27

the infant isn’t exposed to more distress than what it would be exposed to daily

Question 28

what is the main criticism of the strange situations reliability?

Answer 28

that when the observation are made by different experimenters the results could vary because it is based of the experimenters judgement.

Question 29

name the main validity problem with the strange situation

Answer 29

Infants are said to react differently to different carers (most infants have two main ones)

Question 30

what did grossmann and grossmann find?

Answer 30

they found that German infants tended to be classified as insecurely rather than securely attached

Question 31

what did takahashi find?

Answer 31

that Japanese children are more likely to be insecure-resistant than insecure-avoident

Question 32

what country in the meta analysis has the lowest level of insecure-resistant attachments?

Answer 32

great Britain

Question 33

what country has the highest amount insecure-avoident infants

Answer 33

West Germany

Question 34

what is a collective culture?

Answer 34

A culture that places more value on working together rather than being indiependant

Question 35

what is an individualist culture?

Answer 35

A culture that places more value on Independence rather than team work

Question 36

What did Rothbaum argue?

Answer 36

That attachment is not relevant to other cultures

Question 37

is the Japanese culture individualist or collective?

Answer 37

collective

Question 38

What is the main theory for the reason why there are so many cultural similarities in parenting

Answer 38

this is explained by the effects of globalization and mass media that spread ideas about ideal parenting through books and tv.

Question 39

which is greater inter culture variation of attachment or extra culture variation of attachment

Answer 39

inter

Question 40

what are “triggers” in terms of attachment

Answer 40

stress happening early in a child life can make them as an adult more sensitive to high pressure

Question 41

Describe what James Robertson did in his study?

Answer 41

He focused his studies on a two year old girl called Laura who was admitted to hospital for an eight day stay. over the eight days he filmed the disruption of Laura’s attachment with her parents.

Question 42

who came up with the theory that mass media makes countries have similar parenting styles

Answer 42

Van Ijzendoorn and kroonenberg

Question 43

What did Hodges and Tizard do?

Answer 43

They followed a group of sixty five british school children. some of the children had not formed an attachment until they were four. they found that these children found it harder to form deep relationships later in life so they were subject to privation.

Question 44

What are the symptoms of detachment disorder

Answer 44

no prefered attatchment figure

an inability to interact and relate to others that is evident before the age of five

Question 45

What are the long term effects of privation?

Answer 45

we don’t know yet

Question 46

what is deprivation dwarfism

Answer 46

where a child has a lack of emotional care and this lowers the production of growth` hormones

Question 47

what is the other possibility for symptoms of privation

Answer 47

rejection

Question 48

what is dis inhibited attachment?

Answer 48

where the child does not care who there carer is but is still in need of one. They can be over-friendly to strangers and attention seeking.

Question 49

what is the definition of privation?

Answer 49

The lack of having any attachments due to the failure to develop such attachments during early life

Question 50

what are the two best known cases for privation

Answer 50

genie and the czech twins

Question 51

breifly explain the genie case

Answer 51

she was locked in her room by her farther until she was thirteen and a half because he thought she was retarded. when she was found she could not stand up straight or talk properly. She never fully recovered and showed a disinterest in other people.

Question 52

briefly outline the case of the Czech twins

Answer 52

they spent the first seven years of their lives locked up by a stepmother. when they were first discovered they couldn’t talk. after discovery they were cared for by two loving sisters and by the age of 14 they were almost fully recovered. By the age of twenty they had above average intelligence and had developed an excellent relationship with there foster family.