Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EPPP > Developmental > Flashcards

Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

Horizontal Decalage

A

Gradual skill development within a single developmental stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Propositional thought

A

evaluate the logic of an abstract statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elkind

A

Personal Fable and Imaginary Audience in adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vygotsky’s Private Speech

A

Children’s self-directed speech when problem-solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reminiscence Bump

A

In elderly, most recalled events come from ages 15-25

Maybe due to identity formation at that time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synchrony effect

A

Differences in circadian rhythms result in different performance at different times of day by age.
Older adults – best in morning
Younger adults – best in late afternoon/evening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Developmental vulnerability

A

From conception, boys have more vulnerability than girls to various risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Learning theory of language development

A

Language learning results from imitation and reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nativist theory of language development

A

humans are biologically programmed to acquire language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social interactionist theory of language development

A

Language depends on both bio and social factors. A native capacity + strong social drive and rich language environment result in language learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device

A

A nativist theory, humans have a linguistic processor that enables children to understand the rules of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phonemes

A

Smallest unit of sound in language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest unit of language with meaning. Can be free (words) or bound (to other words, eg prefixes, suffixes).

(think: you’ve morphed my meaning!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Semantics (language component)

A

The meanings of different parts of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Syntax

A

How words are organized into phrases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pragmatics (language component)

A

How language is used in a social context to communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vocabulary Spurt

A

Rapid increase in vocabulary beginning around 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Holophrastic speech

A

Using a single word to express a whole thought (12-15 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Two-word phrases (18-24 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Overextension and underextension (language)

A

Children use a word too broadly or narrowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Overregularization (language)

A

Children misapply rules for plurals and past tense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Language Brokering

A

When children from immigrant families act as translators.

This has mixed effects (competence/confidence, also anxiety/frustration and role-reversal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Animism (theorist)

A

Piaget (preoperational stage, age 2-7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Centration (theorist, definition)

A

Piaget (preoperational)

Focus on only one aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Circular Reactions (theorist and order)
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage | from Reflexive to Sensory to Objects to Cause and effect
26
Decentration and Reversibility (theorist)
Piaget (concrete operational stage)
27
Declarative memory - 2 types
Semantic (facts/knowledge) and Episodic (events)
28
Egocentrism (theorist)
Piaget (preoperational stage) | lacking sophisticated theory of mind
29
Equilibrium (theorist, definition)
Piaget - Motivation for development. Consistency between new information and assimilated/accomodated information (schemas)
30
Piaget's sensorimotor stage: ages and accomplishments
Birth- 2 years | Object permanence and basic representational thought (including make believe play and deferred imitation)
31
Ages and abilities in Piaget’s preoperational stage
Age 2-7 | Think about past/future, represent one object with another,
32
Transductive reasoning
Spurious correlations (characteristic of Piaget’s preoperational stage)
33
Ages and abilities in Piaget’s concrete operational stage
7-12 years Logical operations based on physical characteristics Decentration (more than one aspect at a time) Reversibility (of actions/processes)
34
Ages and abilities in Piaget’s formal operational stage
12 years and older Abstract thinking Hypothetical deductive reasoning (test alternative hypotheses) Propositional thought (evaluate the logic of an abstract statement)
35
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory: how does development occur
First interpersonally then intrapersonally (kids internalize directions from others) Within zone of proximal development (what they can do with support) Scaffolding (prompting through a task)
36
What did Vygotsky propose as a function of pretend play?
It creates a zone of proximal development
37
2 possible explanations for childhood amnesia
Limited language skills | Insufficient sense of self
38
Age related decline in types of memory
Episodic memory declines with age, while semantic and non-declarative do not. Greatest decline in recent long term, then short term working memory. Least affected is short term (primary) and remote long-term
39
Sex difference in math abilities
In adolescence, girls>boys on computation, boys>girls on reasoning and problem-solving
40
Sex differences in self-esteem
Boys>Girls from adolescence onward
41
Evidence supporting Chomsky’s language acquisition device (2 findings)
Languages have the same basic grammatical structure and children acquire language at similar ages
42
3 types of cry from birth
Low pitch rhythmic – hunger/discomfort Shrill non-rhythmic – frustration Loud high-pitch then silence - pain
43
Piaget’s 3 stages of moral development
Premoral (birth-5) Heteronomous (6-10) Autonomous (10+)
44
Piaget’s premoral stage
Birth – 5 | Very limited understanding of rules and morality
45
Piaget’s heteronomous stage of moral development
6-10 years | rules are made by authorities and cannot be changed. Judgments are based on consequences of behavior.
46
Piaget’s Autonomous stage of moral development
11+ | Rules are determined/changed based on agreement. Judgments based on intentions.
47
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development | and what was the basis
Based on Heinz dilemma, each have 2 sub-stages. Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
48
Basis for moral judgments in Kohlberg’s preconventional stage of moral development
a) Punishment and obedience | b) Instrumental hedonism (whether or not it leads to rewards or satisfies the person’s needs)
49
Basis for moral judgments in Kohlberg’s conventional stage of moral development
a) Good boy/girl – based on social approval | b) Law/order orientation – rules of authorities
50
Basis for moral judgments in Kohlberg’s postconventional stage of moral development
(a) the morality of contract – democratically chosen laws | (b) Individual conscience – broad, universally applicable principles
51
Bowlby’s ethological theory
Infants/moms are predisposed to form attachment for survival. Infant behaviors solicit proximity and care
52
Which theorist made internal working models
Bowlby
53
Three signs of attachment in infancy
Social referencing Separation anxiety Stranger anxiety
54
Three classifications based on Adult Attachment Interview
Autonomous Preoccupied Dismissing
55
Describe the cultural differences in attachment
Secure is the most common cross culturally | Within insecure, avoidant is more common in individualistic and resistant is more common in collectivist
56
Separation from parents in hospital does not cause adverse effects before what age
7 months
57
What primary emotions are shown from birth
Contentment, interest, distress
58
What secondary emotions begin around age 2
Envy, empathy, embarrassment
59
What complex emotions emerge by 3 years?
Shame, guilt, pride
60
What is the lifespan trend in emotions?
Negative emotions decrease and positive emotions are stable or increase during adulthood. In senior years, emotions are tied to health status.
61
Positivity effect (emotions)
Older adults attend to and recall more positive information than younger adults
62
Patterson's Coercive family interaction model | aggression
Threats/punishment stops misbehavior (temporarily) Children learn these aggressive behaviors, and learn to ignore them or temper tantrum Aggressive family interactions escalate over time
63
How does parent training effectiveness for childhood aggression vary by ses and severity?
For severe problems, training is equally effective across ses. Low SES families benefit less when the child’s problems are mild
64
Prospective Memory
Memory for future events (eg plan to do something at a future time, forget to do that thing). Eg, forgetting why you had set a timer.

EPPP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions