Clinical (therapies) Flashcards
Describe Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT – Klerman and Weissman), model and goals.
Medical model, goal of symptom relief and improved interpersonal function.
Three stages of IPT (Klerman and Weissman)
Initial – diagnosis and interpersonal context. Assign the sick role (shift blame, view as treatable).
Middle phase – address identified problem
Final phase – issues related to termination and relapse prevention
What are the 4 targets of IPT for depression (initial phase)
Interpersonal role disputes,
Interpersonal role transitions
Interpersonal deficits
Grief
Encouragement of affect, role-playing, communication analysis, and decision analysis are common tools in what therapy?
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (middle phase)
Describe the goal and types of questions used in solution focused therapy
Problem solving (not etiology/nature of problems) Miracle question (goal setting) Exception questions (times it was not a problem) Scaling question (current status)
What is the logic and strategy of the Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska and DiClemente)?
Integrates concepts/strategies from multiple approaches, because strategies are most effective when they match the client’s stage
List and describe the stages of change in the transtheoretical model (Prochaska and DiClemente)
Precontemplation – no intention to change (denial or hopeless)
Contemplation – plan to change in 6 months, some ambivalence
Preparation – plan to take action within 30 days
Action – Taking action to change behavior
Maintenance – Maintained desired change for 6 months
Termination – Client is confident that change will last (low risk of relapse)
What strategies are used in the Precontemplation stage
(transtheoretical model, Prochaska and DiClemente)
Consciousness raising
Dramatic relief (experiencing/expressing emotion)
Environmental Reevaluation
(wake up all dramatic, then look around)
What strategies are used in the Contemplation stage
(transtheoretical model, Prochaska and DiClemente)
Self-re evaluation (how they feel about it)
Consciousness raising
Dramatic relief (experiencing/expressing emotion)
Environmental Reevaluation
What strategies are used in the Preparation stage
(transtheoretical model, Prochaska and DiClemente)
Self re-evaluation
Self-liberation (hope and commitment)
(Prepare to liberate!)
What strategies are used in the Action stage
(transtheoretical model, Prochaska and DiClemente)
Contingency management
Stimulus control
Counterconditioning
What strategies are used in the Maintenance stage
(transtheoretical model, Prochaska and DiClemente)
Relapse prevention using:
Contingency management
Stimulus control
Counterconditioning
What three factors affect motivation to change in the transtheoretical model?
Decisional Balance (beliefs about pros and cons) Self-efficacy Temptation (intensity of urge)
What are the primary techniques of motivational interviewing
develop Discrepancy, express Empathy, build self Efficacy, roll with Resistence
(DEER)
Decisional Balance
Motivation to change in transtheoretical model – beliefs about pros and cons of change.
Change talk
MI concept – statements that move the client toward making positive changes in behavior.
CBT is based on the assumption that disturbance is caused by maladaptive what? (3 things)
Schemas, automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions
Cognitive Schemas
Core beliefs developed through experiences and stress reactivity. They are enduring and produce the content of automatic thoughts. Structure for interpreting the world
Cognitive profiles (in Beck’s cbt)
A set of maladaptive schemas associated with a given disorder (eg cognitive triad of depression)
Automatic thoughts - how do they arise and function
Statements/images triggered by circumstance and shaped by schemas. Intermediary between event and emotional/behavioral reaction
What type of therapy did Ellis create?
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Basic premise of Ellis’s Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Disturbance is based on irrational beliefs, which tend to be absolutist/extreme and take the form of must/should statements. Uses ABCDE model of disturbance and change in therapy.
Explain the ABCDE model in Ellis’s Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Activating event
irrational Belief
Consequence of that belief (emotional/behavioral)
Dispute that belief (therapist’s techniques)
Effect of those techniques – replace belief with more rational one.
Active disputation of irrational beliefs, imagery, systematic desensitization, and skills training are tools of what therapeutic approach?
REBT (Rational Emotive)
What therapies did Meichenbaum create?
Self-Instructional Training and Stress Inoculation training
Briefly describe Self-Instructional Training (Meichenbaum)
Teaching problem solving skills to impulsive children (and other populations). Modelling a task with vocalized instruction fades to verbal then “covert” self-instruction.
Instructions focus on 4 skills: Identifying task, focusing attention to behaviors needed for the task, self-reinforcement, and evaluating performance/correcting errors.
Skills of task identification, focusing attention to required behaviors, self-reinforcement, and evaluating performance are used in what approach?
The instructions used in Self-Instructional training (Meichenbaum)
Explain the focus and stages of Stress Inoculation Training
Deal better with current/future stress with coping skills.
Phases: initial conceptualization/education (stressful situations are problems to be solved), skill acquisition and consolidation (learn cog/beh coping skills), Application and follow through (use coping skills through role-play then in real life).
What is the main goal of ACT
Enhance psychological flexibility. Inflexibility is the rigid dominance of psychological reactions over values
Explain ACT concept of clean pain and dirty pain
Clean pain – discomfort that is unavoidable/expected
Dirty pain – Suffering caused by attempts to control/avoid clean pain
What are ACT’s six processes to promote psychological flexibility?
Experiential acceptance (of internal experience without attempt to change)
Cognitive defusion – distancing from own thoughts/feelings to view as experience rather than reality
Being Present – mindful attention to present (not past or future)
Self-as-Context – Viewing self as the context in which thoughts/feelings happen
Values-Based Action – using chosen values to guide actions rather than avoidant/compliant/unclear motives
Committed action – ongoing commitment to acting accordingly to own values.