Development, Sustainability & Resilience Flashcards
What is development?
The act or process of growing to become more advanced. This is driven by: socioeconomic, political and cultural pressures.
The term Anthropocene suggests:
- The Earth is now moving out of its current epoch (Holocene) and
- That human activity is largely responsible for this exit from the Holocene, and is a geological force in its own right.
“Humankind has become so large and active that it now rivals some of the great forces of natur in its impact on the functioning of the Earth system.”
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“The Anthropocene was conceived by Earth-system scientists to capture the very recent rupture in Earth’s history arising from the impact of human activity on the Earth system as a whole… Arguably, anthropogenic climate change is more an oceanic than an atmospheric phenomenon.”
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What is sustainable development?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
To be sustainable, development needs to be modified and constrained so that it is not in conflict with either nature or society.
What is sustainable development?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
To be sustainable, development needs to be modified and constrained so that it is not in conflict with either nature or society.
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the nonliving environment interacting as a functional unit. Humans are an integral part of ecosystems. Ecosystems vary enormously in size.
What is ecosystem services?
Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. These include provisioning services such as food and water, regulating services such as regulation of floods, drought, land degradation, and disease; supporting services such as soil formation and nutrient cycling; and cultural services such as recreational, spiritual, religious and other nonmaterial benefits.
Define well-being:
Human well-being has multiple consituents, including basic material for a good life, freedom of choice and action, health, good social relations, and security. Well-being is at the opposite end of a continuum from poverty, which has been defined as a “pronounced deprivation in well-being.” The constituents of well-being, as experienced and perceived by people, are situation-dependent, reflecting local geography, culture and ecological circumstances.
Components of human well-being and poverty reduction
- basic material for a good life
- health
- good social relations
- security
- freedom of choice and action
Indirect drivers of change (in well-being)
- demographic
- economic
- sociopolitical
- science and technology
- cultural and religious
Ecosystem services
- provisioning
- regulating
- cultural
- supporting
Direct drivers of change
- changes in local land use and cover
- species introduction or removal
- technology adaptation and use
- external inputs
- harvest and resource consumption
- climate change
- natural, physical and biological drivers
Goal 1 of The Millennium Development Goals:
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2 of The Millennium Development Goals:
Achieve universal primary education
