DEVELOPMENT: Reproductive Physiology Flashcards by Grace Johnson

●Androgens- from Adrenal gland
●Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
●Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
●Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
●Inhibin
●Luteinising Hormone (LH)
●Oestrogen
●Testosterone

These are the key hormones and regulatory factors in ?

Males XY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

●FSH
●GnRH
●Inhibin
●LH
●Oestrogen
●Oxytocin
●Progesterone
●Relaxin
●Testosterone

These are the key factors and hormones in?

Females XX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ovarian cycle (maturation of the oocyte)
Uterine cycle (suitable implantation environment)
Cervical cycle (controls sperm entry)

Are all controlled by

Reproductive cycle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which cycles need to be regulated and controlled to create optimal conditions for fertilisation and implantation?

Ovarian cycle (maturation of the oocyte)
Uterine cycle (suitable implantation environment)
Cervical cycle (controls sperm entry)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Female gonads are a site of?

Endocrine production

Growth factor production

Regulatory peptides (inhibin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EGF, FGF and IGF act locally to regulate

Ovarian function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EGF, FGF and IGF act locally to regulate ovarian function by

Controlling immunity, steroid production and connective tissue remodelling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ovarian hormones regulate

Hypothalamus and brain via NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Female reproduction is influenced by stress more than the male reproductive system. May be related to up to 50% of cases of female infertility

True or false?

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meiosis begins, and is arrested at the……….. until …….and ovulation begins

Primary oocyte stage

Puberty

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Generation of the oocyte starts before

Birth in the female

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Completion/ full maturation does not occur until

Fertilisation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In males, generation of spermatozoa starts during

Puberty

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Primordial follicle stays like this until

Puberty

And becomes primary follicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Several primary follicles start to develop, but only one will reach maturity. What is it called?

Privileged follicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Primary oocyte is surrounded by

Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Granulosa cells are

Nutritive and supportive cells

Increase in number

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What forms around the oocyte between the oocyte and granulosa cells and will remain associated with the oocyte until implantation?

Zona pellucida

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What forms from stromal cells?

Theca

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What receptors are found on Theca and granulosa cells?

LH receptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What hormone enhances early follicle development?

FSH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Granulosa cells produce which hormones

Progesterone

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amtrak cavity forms when?

In mature (Graafian) follicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oocyte completes meiosis 1. Get formation of a polar body and a secondary oocyte

When?

Mature (Graafian) follicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In mature follicle, Granulosa cells undergo luteinisation after expulsion of oocyte to create ?

Corpus luteum

After 14 days the corpus luteum degenerates to create?

Corpus albicans

After how ,any days does the corpus luteum degenerates to form corpus albicano?

14 days

FSH levels decrease as granulosa cells increase.......and ...... production

Inhibin Oestrogen

Maintained oestrogen levels creates a LH surge resulting in ?

Follicular rupture= OVULATION

Prior to ovulation GnRH

Increases in frequency

What stimulates FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary?

GnRH from the hypothalamus

Hormone responsible for ovulation

Phases of uterine cycle

Proliferative fase- FOLLICULAR Secretive phase- LUTEAL

Name the phase in the uterine cycle: ●Oestrogen levels increase from maturing follicles to stimulate ovulation in the ovary ●Oestrogen levels promote development of the uterine lining: ●Glandular growth ●Endometrial repair, cell growth and division ●Stratification

Proliferative phase- FOLLICULAR

Name the phase in the uterine cycle: ●Progesterone and Oestrogen control. Prevents FSH and LH release. (low Oestrogen levels, high P) ●Progesterone from maturing follicles, then the corpus luteum. ●Progesterone stimulates secretion of nutritive substance, maintenance of the lining

Secretive phase - LUTEAL

Phases of cervical cycle

Periovulatory/ovulatory phase Luteal phase

Name the phase of the cervical cycle: ●Oestrogen increase changes mucus fibres to a more linear conformation to allow sperm to follow the fibres up. ●Consistency of mucus is more fluid and slippery ●Cervical crypt cells produce substances to change pH promote sperm survival ●Sperm can survive several days in cervix.

Periovulatory/ovulatory phase

Name the phase of the cervical cycle: ●Progesterone thickens cervical mucous to create a cervical plug, trapping sperm

Luteal phase

Unlike females, in males the whole process of meiosis occurs...... puberty starts

AFTER

Nucleus of the spero carries how many chromosomes?

Production of spero is called

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis can take

65-75 days

Stages of spermatogenesis

●A-spermatogonium ●B-spermatogonium ●Primary spermatocyte (= spermatocyte order I) ●Secondary spermatocyte (= spermatocyte order II) ●Spermatid ●Sperm cell (= spermatozoon)

Sperm degenerate if

They do not pass through the spermatogenesis stages in time

Number of spermatogonic stem cells stimulated is controlled by the

Endocrine

Fertile men have how many ACTUVE sperm

60-80 million sperm/ ml

Fertile men produce how much ejaculate?

2.5 mls - 3.5 ml

Higher volume of semen often correlates to low sperm number True or false

True

A man is infertile when he produces ?

< 20 million/ml of sperm

What are the equivalent to female theca cells in males

Leydig cells

Which cells secrete testosterone (95%) into the general circulation in males

Leydig cells

Which cells produce beta-endorphins- inhibitory effect in settori cells in males

Leydig cells

Which cells are equivalent to female granulosa cells ?

Sertoli cells

Which cells are stimulated by FSH and testosterone in males

Sertoli cells

Sertoli cells secrete

Inhibin

Which hormone Inhibits GnRH and FSH to decrease sperm production?

Inhibin

Which cells: Increase FSH and LH levels detected by sertoli cells promote spermatogenesis ↑ FSH gives

Sertoli cells

What causes : proliferation of spermatagonia, :secretion of metals, nutrients and vitamins from Sertoli cells to germ cells : Oestradiol production from T to control levels

Increase FSH levels by sertoli cells

Which hormone stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Starts at puberty.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates

Which hormone stimulates leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone

Which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis and Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) release by sertoli cells, which takes Testosterone to seminiferous tubules for conversion to DHT and to maintain sperm production.

FSH