DEVELOPMENT: Reproductive Development

Question 1

Male and Female reproductive systems and the urinary system develop from the same early structures:

Answer 1

●Urogenital ridge

●Mesonephric duct

Question 2

Some structures that form within the urogenital ridge are specific to the formation of the reproductive system :

Answer 2

●Paramesonephric ducts

●Genital ridge

Question 3

In order for gonads to form, gonads need to be populated with?

Answer 3

Germ cells

Question 4

Cells that will produce sperm and locates are called?

Answer 4

Germ cells

Question 5

Germ cells migrate along the hindgut from the……. into…..

Answer 5

Posterior yolk sac

Dorsal mesentery

Question 6

Germ cells populate gonadal rudiments at?

Answer 6

5th week

Question 7

Germ cells populate the genital ridge at?

Answer 7

6th week

Question 8

Ternato a formation is due to?

Answer 8

Migration of germ cells to wrong place

Question 9

Lack of primordial germ cells (OGC) causes lack of?

Answer 9

Gonads

No PGC = no gonads

Question 10

No gonads=

Answer 10

No development of the reproductive system

Question 11

Paramesonephric ducts form at time of?

Answer 11

Primordial germ cells (PGC) or Germ cell migration

Question 12

Paramesonephric ducts form by

Answer 12

Invagination of the urogenital ridge surface

Question 13

In females invagination of paramesonephric ducts form?

Answer 13

Uterine tubes or degenerate

Question 14

Degeneration or maintenance of paramesonephric ducts is dependent on hormonal influence

Answer 14

True or false

Question 15

Growth of irregular projections into mesenchyme of gonadal:
●Populated by PGCs
●Eventually differentiate into ova and sperm
●In all early embryos these cords are connected to the surface epithelium
●At this stage it is impossible to differentiate between the male & female gonad and the gonad is therefore known as the ?

Answer 15

INDIFFERENT GONAD

Question 16

What kind of gonads will develop depends on ?

Answer 16

Primary sex determination

Question 17

Whether we carry X and Y chromosomes or two X chromosomes usually determines?

Answer 17

Sexual phenotype

Question 18

The male phenotype is usually associated with

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

The female phenotype is usually associated with?

Answer 19

XX

Question 20

Which chromosome completes ovarian formation?

Answer 20

X

Question 21

Which chromosome drives Testes formation?

Answer 21

Y

Question 22

Development of one phenotype suppresses development of the other.

True or false?

Answer 22

True

Ie: get development of oocytes or sperm

Question 23

What does hypothesis I say determines sexual phenotype?

Answer 23

Presence of Y makes male

Question 24

What does Hypothesis II say determines sexual phenotype?

Answer 24

No second X makes a male

Question 25

Turner’s syndrome in gametes?

Answer 25

XO Female

Question 26

Trisomy X in gametes

Answer 26

XXX Female

Question 27

Kinefelter syndrome in gametes

Answer 27

XXY Male

Question 28

non -viable gametes

Answer 28

0Y

Question 29

XO in gametes is ?

Answer 29

Turner’s syndrome Female

Question 30

XXX in gametes is?

Answer 30

Trisomy X Female

Question 31

XYY in gametes is ?

Answer 31

Jacob’s or syndrome Male

Question 32

Jacob’s syndrome in gametes is?

Answer 32

XYY Male

Question 33

XXY in gametes is?

Answer 33

Kinefelter syndrome Male

Question 34

XXYYin gametes is?

Answer 34

48 XXYY Male

Question 35

XX in gametes is?

Answer 35

Normal female

Question 36

XY in gametes is?

Answer 36

Normal male

Question 37

What gene on Y chromosome codes for Testes determining factors (TDF) protein

Answer 37

SRY gene

Question 38

What is the crucial protein required for formation of the gonads?

Answer 38

SRY gene

Question 39

Gonads produce?

Answer 39

Hormones

Question 40

Which chromosome completes ovarian formation?

Answer 40

X

Question 41

Which chromosome drives Testes formation ?

Answer 41

Y

Question 42

Primary sex determination is?

Answer 42

Genetic: XX/XY

Question 43

Secondary sex determination is!

Answer 43

Development of sexual phenotype: external genitalia and internal reproductive structures More hormonal than gene driven

Question 44

At 7 weeks, the genital tubercle in females is....... than in males. This may lead to what?

Answer 44

BIGGER Mistaken sex assignation in early prenatal scans

Question 45

The genital tubercle forms at?

Answer 45

4 weeks

Question 46

The anus is separate from the urogenital sinus at?

Answer 46

6 weeks

Question 47

In XX: ●Germ cells (oocytes) become surrounded by sex cord epithelia → follicles (granulosa cells). ●Oocytes are found around the periphery of the gonad. Ovarian tissue in the middle AT WHAT WEEK?

Answer 47

Week 8

Question 48

In ovarian development the mesonephric tubule degenerates and become the ?

Answer 48

Epoophron and Paroophron

Question 49

At week 20 the paramesonephric (Müllerian ) duct remains and differentiates into?

Answer 49

Oviducts Uterus Vagina

Question 50

Lack of testosterone Leads to degeneration if which duct?

Answer 50

WolffIan (mesonephric) duct

Question 51

Lower part of paramesonephros fuse to form?

Answer 51

Uterus

Question 52

Presence of Oestrogen and absence of Testosterone causes the Müllerian ducts to form?

Answer 52

Uterus Cervix Upper vagina

Question 53

Presence of Oestrogen and absence of Testosterone causes the Genital tubercle to form?

Answer 53

Clitoris

Question 54

Presence of Oestrogen and absence of Testosterone causes the Labioscrotal folds to form?

Answer 54

Labia majora

Question 55

Oestrogen from the ovary means that you get internal development, so?

Answer 55

Paramesonephric[Mulleric )duct remains

Question 56

No testosterone, and presence of receptors for Oestrogen, means that you get

Answer 56

Clitoral and labial development

Question 57

Presence of a Y chromosome and the SRY gene leads to?

Answer 57

Gonadal development and external anatomy associated with male

Question 58

In XY at week 8 Mesodermal cells differentiate into?

Answer 58

Serotonin cells

Question 59

In XY at 16 weeks | Efferent ducts are remodelled from?

Answer 59

Kidney tubules

Question 60

At 16 weeks in CY The mesonephric duct forms?

Answer 60

Epididymis and vas deferens

Question 61

Anti- mullerian hormone (AMH)causes in XY?

Answer 61

Degeneration of paramesonephric duct (muller Ian duct)

Question 62

Testosterone causes the WolffIan (mesonephric) ducts to become?

Answer 62

Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles

Question 63

DHT cause the Genital tubercle to become the?

Answer 63

Penis

Question 64

What causes the development of the penis from the genital tubercle?

Answer 64

DHT

Question 65

Blockage of Wnt suppression pathway allows growth of ?

Answer 65

External structures

Question 66

What is DHT

Answer 66

DHT=Dihydrotestosterone | Breakdown product of testosterone.

Question 67

Hormones in XY

Answer 67

Testosterone AMH DHT

Question 68

Testis descend out of abdomen, and back in through

Answer 68

Inguinal rings : pulled through by extension of gubernaculum

Question 69

What controls the descending of the testis?

Answer 69

Androgen and AMH