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Anat 1012 - neuro > Development of the Nervous System, Dermatomes & myotomes > Flashcards

Development of the Nervous System, Dermatomes & myotomes Flashcards

1
Q

CNS & motor neurons

A

develop from the neural tube

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2
Q

Sensory & autonomic ganglia

A

develop from the neural crest cells.

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3
Q

The musculoskeletal system and dermis

A

develops from segments of mesoderm.

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4
Q

The nervous system

A

is somatotopically organised.

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5
Q

0 to 8 weeks

A

embryo:
initial development of each organ system
3-8wks period of greatest sensitivity

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6
Q

9-38 weeks

A

fetus:

period of functional maturation

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7
Q

week 3

A
  • trilaminar germ disc
  • craniocaudal axis
  • bilateral symmetry
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8
Q

Trilaminar germ disc

A

superficial > deep
ectoderm - forms NS - is the outer surface
mesoderm - connective and muscle tissues
endoderm

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9
Q

Neurulation

A

Development of the neural tube & neural crest cells

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10
Q

somites

A

segments of mesoderm
- the mesodermally derived somites, adjacent to the neural tube, go on to form most of the vertebral column, as well as segmental structures such as skeletal muscle and dermis corresponding to spinal cord segments

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11
Q

Neurulation timeline

A

The neural plate and beginning neural groove at about 18 days of development > 2 days later development of neural groove > Neural tube closure during the fourth week > Neural folds begin to fuse at the cervical level of the future spinal cord at about day 21 > By about day 24, the rostral end of the neural tube has closed; the caudal end will close 2 to 3 days later

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12
Q

notochord

A

forerunner of the skeletal axis, helping to form the vertebral column
- comes from mesoderm; important in inducing development of neural tube

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13
Q

Neurulation timeline simple

A

Notochord forms from mesoderm (inductive)
Neural plate > Neural groove > Neural tube > Neural tube
…. CNS (brain/spinal cord)

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14
Q

Rostral neural tube develops into the brain - 3 weeks

A 
3 primary vesicles:
encephalon = brain
1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon
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15
Q

Rostral neural tube develops into the brain - 5 weeks

A 
5 secondary vesicles:
Prosencephalon:
1.telencephalon
2.diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon:
4.metencephalon 
5.myelencephalon
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16
Q

neural tube tissue

A

tissue in wall of neural tube becomes brain tissue and Remaining neural tube develops into the spinal cord

17
Q

1.Telencephalon

A

cerebrum (cerebral lobes & basal nuclei)

18
Q

2.Diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus & subthalamus

19
Q

3.Mesencephalon

A

midbrain

20
Q

4.Metencephalon

A

pons & cerebellum

21
Q

5.Myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

22
Q

Neural tube lumen

A
  • develops into the ventricular system of the brain & the central canal of the spinal cord
  • neural tube distorts along with the development of the brain
  • filled with CSF
23
Q

Ventricular system

A

1 lateral ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere (with anterior, posterior & inferior horns)
• interventricular foramen
• 3rd ventricle (in midline between L & R diencephalon)
• cerebral aqueduct in midbrain
• 4th ventricle between pons & medulla oblongata anteriorly & cerebellum posteriorly
• central canal of spinal cord

24
Q

CSF movement

A

flows from 4th ventricle into subarachnoid space > superior sagittal sinus

25
Q

Neural tube walls

A

develop into the CNS neurons & glial cells

26
Q

Neural tube cavity

A

becomes the ventricular system of the brain

27
Q

Neural crest cells develop into:

A
  • pia & arachnoid mater
  • sensory ganglion cells (CN V, VII, VIII, IX & X & DRG) -autonomic ganglion cells (CN III, VII, IX, X & spinal) -Schwann cells
  • adrenal medulla
28
Q

Dorsal-ventral organisation within the spinal cord

A

4th week: Neural tube > 6th week: Embryonic spinal cord > Adult spinal cord.
spinal ganglion (SG = DRG) cells, derived from the neural crest, send their central processes into the spinal cord to terminate mainly on alar plate (AP) cells
many basal plate (BP) cells become motor neurons, whose axons exit in the anterior roots

29
Q

Medial–lateral organisation within the brainstem

A

with development of the 4th ventricle the walls of the neural tube spread out

  • Lateral alar plate
  • Medial basal plate
30
Q

Lateral alar plate

A

sensory neurons located laterally

31
Q

Medial basal plate

A

motor neurons located medially

32
Q

4th ventricle

A

opens out like a book because of peduncles and cerebellum

33
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to the musculoskeletal system

A 
most of the axial skeleton
• appendicular skeleton
• skeletal muscles of the neck, trunk & limbs
• tendons & ligaments
• dermis on the back & limbs

Anat 1012 - neuro (18 decks)

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