Development of the Kidneys Flashcards
Which embryonic ducts give rise to male and female kidneys?
Male-
Mesonephric
(Wolffian ducts)
Female-
Paramesonephric
(Mullerian ducts)
In females, what does the Paramesonephric duct develop into? What happens to the Mesonephric duct?
Mesonephric duct degenerates
Apart from lower portion which forms the ureteric bud.
Paramesonephric duct
Forms oviduct
In males, what does the Mesonephric duct develop into? What happens to the Paramesonephric?
Mesonephric duct forms The male reproductive tract. The ureteric bud
Paramesonephric duct
degenerates
There are 3 embryonic kidneys. Name them and state which a function and non functional?
2 Non Functional:
Pronephric
Mesonephric
1 functional Metanephric kidney (functional kidney in Mammals)
The Metanephric kidney develops from which duct?
Mesonephric duct
The Metanephric kidney is formed from which 2 embryonic structures? Where are these structures derived from?
Ureteric bud derived from the mesonephric duct
Metanephric bud (blastema) derived from mesenchyme
Which part of the kidney doe the ureteric bud develop into? There is 4.
Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major and minor calyces
Collecting (duct) tubules
Which part of the kidney doe the Metanephric develop into? There is 5
Renal glomerulus capillaries Bowman’s capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule
Describe how the kidneys ascend. Mention the spinal region it starts and ends.
Metanephros located in the sacral region (S1) Ascends as tail of embryo unfolds Final location upper lumbar region (Th 12)
What is the name of the condition used to describe when the kidneys fail to ascend?
ectopic kidney
When do the kidneys become functional?
End of the 1st trimester
What is kidney agenesis?
Failure of kidney to form
How many live births have kidney agenesis?
Unilateral 1:1000
Bilateral 1:10,000
In the foetus, what are the kidneys used for?
Formation of amniotic fluid
Why is bilateral agenesis so lethal?
Leads to a reduction in amniotic fluid = Oligohydramnios
Defects include failure of lung development, limbs and facial abnormalities..
What are the 3 main causes of bifid ureter?
Ureter splits in two
Duplicate Kidneys
Or
Duplicate Ureter
What is the condition- pelvic kidney?
Type of ectopic kidney
Kidney remains in pelvic region (usually 1)
Failure to ascent
In the condition known as horse shoe kidney, why can’t the kidney ascend?
The inferior mesenteric artery is preventing it from ascending
In those with Polycystic Kidney disease, what percentage and at what age do people develop kidney failure?
50% kidney failure by age 60
In Polycystic Kidney Disease where do the cysts originate from?
collecting tubules
Associated with increased cell division in tubule epithelium
Which gene mutations in what are associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease. What percentage of cases is associated with each mutation?
85-90% associated with mutations in polycystin (PKD-1)
10-15% mutations in polycystin-2 (PKD-2)
Where are polycystins located?
primary cilia (ciliopathy)
What other condition outside of in cystic kidney disease is caused by a mutation in primary cilia?
vascular hypertension.
