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Anatomy hilary > Development of the GI tract > Flashcards

Development of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

Week 1

A

Fertilization to implantation

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2
Q

Week 2

A

The bilaminar embryo (2 germ layers)

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3
Q

Week 3

A

The trilaminar embryo (3 germ layers)

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4
Q

Weeks 4–8

A

The embryonic period

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5
Q

Months 3–9

A

The foetal period

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6
Q

Week 3 - the 3 germ layers

A
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm
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7
Q

What occurs after gastrulation?

A

The formation of the foregut, midgut and hindgut.

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8
Q

Blastopore

A

Opening to the exterior / anus

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9
Q

Blastula ->

A

Gastrula

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10
Q

What does the endoderm layer become x4

A
  1. Digestive system
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Lung (inner layers)
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11
Q

What does the mesoderm layer become x4

A
  1. Circulatory system
  2. Lungs (epithelial layers)
  3. Skeletal system
  4. Muscular system
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12
Q

What does the ectoderm layer become x4

A
  1. Hair
  2. Nails
  3. Skin
  4. Nervous system
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13
Q

Foregut arterial

A

Coeliac trunk

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14
Q

Foregut arterial

A

Coeliac trunk

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15
Q

Midgut arterial

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

Hindgut arterial

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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17
Q

Coeliac trunk

A
  • Ab. oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
18
Q

Superior mesenteric artery organs

A
  • Duodenum
  • Small intestine
  • Caecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Right 2/3 transverse colon
19
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies

A
  • Left 1/3 of transverse colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
20
Q

What occurs during week 3?

A

The flat trilaminar embryonic disk becomes a more cylindrical embryo that occurs as a result of embryonic growth forming body cavities.

21
Q

What folding leads to the formation of the gut?

A

Dorsal / ventral and lateral folding of the embryo

22
Q

What is the membrane that turns into the mouth?

A

Oropharyngeal (buccopharyngeal) membrane

23
Q

What is the membrane that turns into the anus?

A

Cloacal membrane

24
Q

What occurs at 22 days?

A
  • Gut-associated organs begin to form as buds from the endoderm, including the thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas
  • Midgut opening to the yolk sac progressively narrows
25
Q

What occurs by the end of the first month? x 3

A
  • The stomach bulge is visible
  • Dorsal pancreas has begun to bud
  • Connection of the midgut to the yolk sac is reduced to a yolk stalk
26
Q

What does lateral folding of the embryo complete?

A

The gut tube via the formation of body cavities

27
Q

What occurs at the lateral plate?

A

The mesoderm splits into splanchnic and somatic mesoderm

28
Q

What does the splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm line?

A

Lines the gut continuous with yolk sac (viscera walls)

29
Q

What becomes the mesentery?

A

Somatic mesoderm

30
Q

What does the somatic mesoderm line?

A

The body cavity (body wall)

31
Q

Where does the foregut extend from?

A

The buccopharyngeal membrane to the septum transversum

32
Q

What is the buccopharyngeal membrane?

A

The septum between primitive mouth and pharynx

33
Q

What is the septum transversum?

A

The precursor to diaphragm and ventral mesentery

34
Q

Through what does the midgut communicate with the yolk sac?

A

Vitellein tube

35
Q

Where does the hindgut extend to?

A

The cloacal membrane

36
Q

Where is the cloacal

membrane? and what will it become?

A

Where ectoderm and endoderm are in contact – will become anus

37
Q

What does the hindgut communicate with?

A

The allantoic diverticulum

38
Q

What does the allantoic diverticulum become? x 2

A

The allantois, which becomes the urachus – medial umbilical ligament

39
Q

What is the first functioning intra-embryonic blood vessel?

A

Dorsal aortae

40
Q

What supplies the pharynx? (foetus)

A

Aortic arches

Anatomy hilary (9 decks)

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