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Reproductive System > Development Of Reproductive Tracts > Flashcards

Development Of Reproductive Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells develop from?

A

Yolk sac + migrate to urogenital ridge

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2
Q

Outline the formation of the primitive sex cords

A

Epithelium of genital ridges proliferate + penetrate the intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

What forms the indifferent gonad?

A

Combination of germ cell + primitive sex cords

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4
Q

What is the testis determining factor?

A

SRY protein on short arm of Y chromosome

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5
Q

What happens in the presence and absence of SRY protein?

A
  • SRY present: male development occurs
  • SRY absent: female development occurs
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6
Q

Development of ovaries

A
  • SRY absent
  • primitive sex cords degenerate
  • epithelium of gonad proliferates > cortical cords
  • cords surround germ cells to form > primordial follicle
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7
Q

Development of testes

A
  • SRY present
  • primitive sex cords develop into testicles
  • medullary cord is formed > develops into seminiferous tubule after puberty
  • between the cords there are leydig cells which produce testosterone at week 8
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8
Q

What is the male internal genital duct?

A

Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)

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9
Q

What is the female internal genital duct?

A

Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct)

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10
Q

Which type of duct develop depends on…

A

Whether there is functioning testes

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11
Q

What happens to internal genital ducts if testis are produced?

A
  • anti-mullerian hormone by Sertoli cells: suppresses paramesonephric duct > regresses
  • testosterone produced by leydig cells : supports mesonephric duct > develops into vas deferens + epididymis
  • male internal genitalia develops
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12
Q

What happens to internal genital ducts if no testis are produced?

A
  • NO anti-mullerian hormone: no suppresion of paramesonephric duct > develops into uterus, fallopian tubes + upper vagina
  • NO testosterone produced: no support of mesonephric duct > regresses
  • female internal genitalia develops
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13
Q

What are the basic components of the undifferentiated external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle
Genital folds
Genital swellings

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14
Q

When do the external genitalia start to develop?

A

9th week

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15
Q

Development of male external genitalia

A
  • under influence of testis-derived androgen hormones dihydrotestosterone
  • genital tubercle: elongates to forms glans penis
  • genital folds: fuse to form spongy urethra/shaft of penis
  • genital swelling: scrotum
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16
Q

Development of female external genitalia

A
  • absence of testes
  • no fusion occurs
  • genital tubercle: clitoris
  • genital folds: labia minora
  • genital swellings: enlarge to become labia majora
17
Q

Where does the Gubernaculum attach?

A

The gonad inferiorly to labio-scrotal folds (genital swellings)

18
Q

What are the remnants of the Gubernaculum in women?

A

Round ligament
Ovarian ligament

19
Q

What condition results in a genetically male baby being born with female external genitalia?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

20
Q

What external and internal genitalia does someone with androgen insensitivity syndrome have and why?

A
  • external female
  • genetically male > XY genotype
    .
  • mesonephric duct fails to persist due to insensitivity to testosterone
  • testicles function normally due to SRY protein on Y chromosome > anti-mullerian hormone released > paramesonephric duct degenerates > no uterus
  • insensitivity to DHT > female external genitalia
  • no ducts present
21
Q

What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells of testicle?

A

Anti Mullerian hormone

22
Q

What gene on the Y chromosome is responsible for the specialisation of the genitalia as a male?

A

SRY

23
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form?

A

Vas deferens
Epididymis

24
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct form?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Upper vagina

25
Q

What forms the vagina?

A
  • Paramesonephric duct > upper vagina
  • Urogenital sinus > lower vagina
  • Both parts fuse to complete vagina
26
Q

What do the genital tubercle become in men + women?

A

men: glans penis
women: clitoris

27
Q

What do the genital folds become in men and women?

A

men: spongy urethra/shaft of penis
women: labia minora

28
Q

What do the genital swellings become in men and women?

A

men: scrotum
women: labia majora

29
Q

What is the Gubernaculum?

A
  • A fibrous structure that pulls the gonads from the posterior wall to their correct position
  • Testicles in scrotum
  • Ovaries in pelvis
30
Q

Where is anti-mullerian hormone produced?

A

Sertoli cells

31
Q

What is development of male external genital under the influence of?

A

Dihydrotestosterone

32
Q

Which tissues do the gonads develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm in abdomen

Reproductive System (20 decks)

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