Development of Nervous System

Question 1

when do embroyonic germ layers appear?

Answer 1

3rd week

Question 2

forms epidermis of the skin

Answer 2

surface ectoderm

Question 3

forms the nervous system

Answer 3

neuroectoderm

Question 4

“slipper” shaped plate of ectoderm that forms on the dorsal aspect of developing embryonic disc

Answer 4

nerual plate

Question 5

when does the neural plate appear

Answer 5

day 16

Question 6

structures that are believed to induce the ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate

Answer 6

notochord and paraxial mesoderm

Question 7

appear laterally on neural plate

Answer 7

neural folds

Question 8

what part of the neural folds fuse first

Answer 8

middle

Question 9

groove that appears in middle of neural plate

Answer 9

neural groove

Question 10

forms the CNS

Answer 10

neural tube

Question 11

formation of the neural tube

Answer 11

neurulation

Question 12

what neopore closes first?

Answer 12

rostral 24 d.

caudal 27 d.

Question 13

what does the neural canal become?

Answer 13

ventricular system of brain and central canal of spinal cord

Question 14

when does CSF begin to form?

Answer 14

week 5

Question 15

the brain develops from the …

Answer 15

cranial 2/3 of neural plate

Question 16

the spinal cord develops from the…

Answer 16

caudal 1/3 of the neural plate

Question 17

migrate to the developing pharyngeal arches of the future head and neck region ..

Answer 17

neural crest cells

Question 18

what gives rise to CN V, VII, VII, IX, and X

Answer 18

neural crest cells

Question 19

odontoblasts, parafollicular cells, cells of aortic and carotid bodies, and parasympathetic ganglia of the CN all arise from..

Answer 19

neural crest cells

Question 20

ANS and DRG ganglia, neuroglia of PNS, adrenal medulla and melanocytes come from…

Answer 20

neural crest cells that migrate throughout the body

Question 21

CNS neurons and neuroglia are derived from..

Answer 21

neuroepithelium of neural tube

Question 22

how to neurons form…

Answer 22

between 4th-20th wks

migrate, form processes (dendrites, axons) and establish synaptic contact with other neurons.

Question 23

what happens if neurons fail to establish contacts…

Answer 23

If neurons fail to establish synaptic contacts, they undergo apoptosis (cell death)

Question 24

when do neuroglia begin to form?

Answer 24

glioblasts appear in ventricular zone at 19 weeks

Question 25

glioblasts develop into..

Answer 25

ependymocytes that line future ventricles, and central canal of the spianl cord and cover the choroid plexus astrocytes oligodendrocytes

Question 26

derived from hemopoietic cells that migrate to the CNS late in the fetal period, after the CNS has been penetrated by bv

Answer 26

microglia

Question 27

neurons in sensory and autonomic ganglia arise from the neural crest..

Answer 27

neurons

Question 28

satellite cells (the support cells in ganglia) and schwann cells, also arise from the neural crest

Answer 28

neuroglia

Question 29

when do the major divisions of the brain appear?

Answer 29

at the end of the 4th week

Question 30

will become the forebrain

Answer 30

prosencephalon

Question 31

will become the midbrain

Answer 31

mesencephalon

Question 32

will become the hindbrain

Answer 32

rhombencephalon

Question 33

the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles are derived from..

Answer 33

telencephalon (from posencephalon)

Question 34

midbrain and cerebral aqueduct are derived from this..

Answer 34

mesencephalon

Question 35

pons and cerebellum and upper part of IV ventricle come from ...

Answer 35

metencephalon from the rhombencephalon

Question 36

the thalami and III ventricle come from..

Answer 36

diencephalon (from posencephalon)

Question 37

the medulla oblongata and lower part of IV ventricle come from..

Answer 37

myelencephalon (From rhombencephalon)

Question 38

what flexure is located at the mesencephalon

Answer 38

cephalic flexure

Question 39

what flexure is located betweenthe metencephalon and myelencephalon

Answer 39

pontine flexure

Question 40

what flexure is located between rhombencephalon and spinal cord

Answer 40

cervical flexure

Question 41

what zones are found in the neural tube

Answer 41

ventricular zone mantle zone marginal zone (

Question 42

what is the future white matter?

Answer 42

marginal zone of neural tube

Question 43

what is the future gray matter

Answer 43

mantle zone of neural tube - consists of alar plates (interneurons) and basal plates (ventral -motor and lateral- autonomic)

Question 44

what forms the ependymal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord

Answer 44

ventricular zone of neural tube

Question 45

the pia and arachnoid mater are derived from..

Answer 45

nerual crest

Question 46

the dura mater is derived from...

Answer 46

mesoderm

Question 47

CNS myelination

Answer 47

oligodendrocytes begins prenatally continues until 3 yo, 20s in frontal

Question 48

motor roots are myelinated _________ to sensory roots

Answer 48

prior

Question 49

failure of the neural tube to close properly during the 1st month of pregnancy

Answer 49

spina bifida occulta meningocele meningomyelocele myeloschisis

Question 50

most sever type of spina bifida

Answer 50

myeloshcisis

Question 51

cranium bifidum

Answer 51

defet in bone which allows meninges/more to protrude from back of head cranium bifidum with meningocele meningoencephalocele meningohydroencephalocele

Question 52

most severe cranium bifidum

Answer 52

meninges, brain and part of ventricular system protrude from head

Question 53

failure of the rostral neuropore to close

Answer 53

exencephaly meroaencephaly, acrania and rachischisis may be indicated by elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein