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Developmental Anatomy > Development of Digestive System (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Development of Digestive System (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The primitive gut is closed at both ends by ________ membranes.

A

bilaminar

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2
Q

What are the 2 bilaminar membranes of the primitive gut?

A
  1. oropharyngeal membrane
  2. cloacal membrane
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3
Q

The primitive gut is suspended to body wall by ___________.

A

dorsal mesentery

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4
Q

What provides blood supply to the primitive gut?

A

ventral branches of aorta

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5
Q

Digestive system is the main organ system derived from embryonic __________.

A

endoderm

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6
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the primitive gut?

A
  1. pharynx
  2. foregut
  3. midgut
  4. hindgut
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7
Q

Which division of the primitive gut is the largest and forms 2/3 of the descending colon?

A

midgut

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8
Q

Which 4 tissues/organs are derived from the foregut?

A

esophagus
stomach
liver
pancreas

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9
Q

_______ of the walls of the foregut results in changes in position and appearance which derives the stomach.

A

differential growth

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10
Q

The _______ of the stomach is derived from the dorsal dilation of foregut, while ________ is from the ventral dilation.

A

greater curvature
lesser curvature

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11
Q

What is the order of differentiation of the ruminant stomach compartments?

A
  1. rumen
  2. reticulum
  3. omasum
  4. abomasum
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12
Q

Match the ruminant stomach compartment to how it is derived:

  1. as caudoventral pocket of fundus
  2. as expansion of fundus
  3. as dilation of pyloric region
  4. as expansion of lesser curvature
A
  1. reticulum
  2. rumen
  3. abomasum
  4. omasum
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13
Q

When do the compartments of the ruminant stomach reach adult size?

A

after 1 year of age

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14
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

liver

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15
Q

Which 3 species do not have a gallbladder?

A

horse
rat
whale

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16
Q

The liver begins as a hepatic diverticulum or (dorsal/ventral) outgrowth of the foregut.

A

ventral

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17
Q

Liver sinusoids are formed by proliferation of endodermal cells into _____ that anastomose around which 2 veins?

A

cord
vitelline + umbilical Vv

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18
Q

The expansion of the developing liver narrows the connections with the foregut and the hepatic ducts merge to form ______________.

A

common hepatic duct

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19
Q

The cystic duct joins the hepatic duct to form ________.

A

bile duct

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20
Q

Where does the bile duct open?

A

at the site of origin of the liver bud

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21
Q

The liver expands temporarily into what structure that is later the tendinous center of the diaphragm?

A

septum transversum

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22
Q

The ventral mesentery is divided by the liver into what 2 structures?

A
  1. lesser omentum
  2. falciform ligament
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23
Q

What are the 2 parts of the lesser omentum?

A
  1. hepatogastric ligament
  2. hepatoduodenal ligament
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24
Q

The origin of hepatic diverticulum is shifted dorsally by differential growth of ________.

A

duodenum

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25
Q

What digestive organ has dual origin?

A

pancreas

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26
Q

The dual origin of the pancreas is made up of the ____ and ____ diverticulum.

A

dorsal + ventral

27
Q

The dorsal diverticulum forms the (right/left) lobe of the pancreas with the _______ duct.

A

left
accessory

28
Q

The ventral diverticulum forms the (right/left) lobe of the pancreas with the ________ duct.

A

right
pancreatic

29
Q

Match each species to which pancreatic ducts they have present:

  1. dog/horse
  2. cat/small ruminant
  3. pig/ox
A
  1. pancreatic + accessory
  2. only pancreatic
  3. only accessory
30
Q

During midgut development, the loop rotates around the axis of ________ A.

A

cranial mesenteric

31
Q

What determines the direction of rotation of the midgut?

A

connection to yolk sac and uneven growth

32
Q

The sequence of the withdrawal of loop of midgut determines what?

A

final placement of intestines

33
Q

Cranial limb of midgut passes to the (right/left) (caudal/in front of) cranial mesenteric A.

A

left
caudal

34
Q

Caudal limb of midgut passes to (right/left) (caudal/in front of) cranial mesenteric A.

A

right
in front of

35
Q

The cranial limb of the midgut forms what 2 structures?

A

duodenum
jejunum

36
Q

Complete rotation of the midgut involves ____ degrees (clockwise/counterclockwise) around the cranial mesenteric A.

A

270
counterclockwise

37
Q

Complete rotation of the midgut forms what structure?

A

root of mesentery

38
Q

Formation of a secondary loop of the ascending colon forms a ______ in pigs and ruminants, and a ____ in horses.

A

spiral colon
bend colon

39
Q

What 3 structures are derivates of the hindgut?

A
  1. part of descending colon
  2. rectum
  3. anal canal
40
Q

Term for common chamber for digestive and urogenital systems

A

cloaca

41
Q

The cloaca persists in what 3 adult species?

A

birds
reptiles
amphibians

42
Q

The cloaca is divided by a urorectal septum into what 2 structures?

A
  1. anal canal
  2. urogenital sinus
43
Q

Term for caudal diverticulum of hindgut that forms splanchnic mesoderm + yolk sac forming urinary bladder and urachus.

A

allantois

44
Q

Term for first stool of green material from bile salts and swallowed amniotic fluid.

A

meconium

45
Q

Term for temporary occlusion of gut by epithelial proliferation.

A

gut atresia

46
Q

(T/F) Gut atresia anomalies occur simultaneously.

A

False - related anomalies can occur at any level

47
Q

When should meconium be completely eliminated by?

A

4th day after birth

48
Q

What is a common cause of colic in equine neonates?

A

meconium retention

49
Q

What are the two most common gut defects?

A
  1. atresia
  2. stenosis
50
Q

3 possible causes of gut atresia and stenosis

A
  1. fetal vascular “accidents”
  2. lack of re-canalization
  3. gut rotation defects
51
Q

(T/F) In some species, gut defects such as atresia and stenosis, are genetic conditions.

A

True

52
Q

Term for imperforated anus due to persistent anal membrane.

A

anal atresia

53
Q

Term for sign of anal atresia where animal tries but cannot defecate.

A

tenesmus

54
Q

How do you treat/manage anal atresia?

A

surgery

55
Q

Term for ectopic anal opening due to error in separation of cloaca.

A

fistula

56
Q

Neuromuscular gut disorder where there is a lack of relaxation of esophageal sphincter relaxation which leads to regurgitation of undigested food.

A

congenital megaesophagus

57
Q

How is congenital megaesophagus managed? (2 ways)

A

bailey chair feeding
PEG tube

58
Q

Congenital megaesophagus is the most common cause of _______ in cats and dogs.

A

regurgitation

59
Q

Congenital megacolon is the lack of _____ function due to the absence of _____ ganglia.

A

motor
myenteric

60
Q

3 symptoms of congenital megacolon

A
  1. tenesmus
  2. constipation
  3. abdominal distension
61
Q

“Mega” conditions like megacolon involve a lack of migration of what embryonic cells?

A

neural crest cells

62
Q

Term for incomplete closure of abdominal wall at umbilicus.

A

congenital umbilical hernia

63
Q

Which species has the highest incidence of congenital umbilical hernia?

A

pigs

64
Q

Term for when part of the body wall is open and not covered by peritoneum.

A

omphalocele

Developmental Anatomy (4 decks)

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