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Developmental Anatomy > Development of Cardiovascular System (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Development of Cardiovascular System (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) The cardiovascular system becomes functional in early development.

A

False - late development

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2
Q

Why is it not necessary for the cardiovascular system to be the first functinal system?

A

embryo gets nutrients from uterine fluid

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3
Q

(T/F) The yolk sac is where most of the nutrients are formed in mammals.

A

False - not many nutrients

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4
Q

The cardiovascular system beings are paired condensations of splanchnic mesoderm called ____________.

A

cardiogenic fields

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5
Q

Cells organize into cords and then form into paired _____________.

A

endocardial tubes

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6
Q

Inductive influences of _______ are essential for heart formation. What can occur without it?

A

endoderm
acardia

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7
Q

(T/F) Lungs are not functional until birth where they must immediately become functional.

A

True

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8
Q

As the body begins to fold, endocardial tubes partially fuse. Anything that prevents the merge results in what?

A

formation of 2 separate hearts (neither are functional)

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9
Q

What is an example of disorder that results in formation of two separate non-functional hearts?

A

cardia bifida

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10
Q

The endocardial tube of the developing cardiovascular system is temporarily connected by ________.

A

dorsal mesocardium

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11
Q

The developing heart differentiates into 4 parts: (cranial to caudal)

A
  1. bulbus cordis
  2. ventricle
  3. atrium
  4. sinus venosus
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12
Q

The endocardial tube folds on itself to form the _______.

A

cardiac loop

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13
Q

What 3 things determine the formation of the cardiac loop?

A
  1. elongation of tube
  2. degeneration of dorsal mesocardium
  3. anchorage of tube (both ends)
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14
Q

The cranial portion of the cardiac loop is oriented ________ and on the (right/left).

A

ventrocaudally
right

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15
Q

The caudal portion of the cardiac loop is oriented _______ and on the (right/left).

A

dorsocranially
left

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16
Q

The formation of cardiac chambers is accomplished by what 3 things?

A
  1. local expansions
  2. direction of blood flow
  3. formation of cardiac septa
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17
Q

The _______ between two chambers proliferates to form _________ which divides the AV canal into R + L canals.

A

endocardium
endocardial cushions

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18
Q

Internal architecture sculptured by selective ________ of (internal/external) walls.

A

excavations
internal

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19
Q

Externally the constriction between common atrium and ventricle is called _________.

A

coronary groove

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20
Q

A ridge from the roof of the atrium extending towards cushions is how the _________ forms.

A

septum primum

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21
Q

What leaves temporary communication between atria?

A

ostium primum

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22
Q

Before fusing with the cushions, the dorsal part of the heart degenerates to form _________.

A

ostium secundum

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23
Q

What is the role of temporary communications of the heart?

A

blood has to flow freely through all chambers to mold and differentiate properly (why openings not closed until birth)

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24
Q

The two parts of the __________ do not fuse.

A

septum secundum

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25
Q

The two parts of the septum secundum do not fuse so the 2 atria communicate via ________.

A

foramen ovale

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26
Q

Complete separation of the two atria occurs when? What does it become in the adult?

A

after birth
fossa ovalis

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27
Q

The separation of the common ventricle occurs by the formation of a myocardial ridge between ventricle and bulbus cordis extending toward cushions called ___________.

A

muscular septum

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28
Q

The complete separation of the ventricles occurs by formation of _________ from cushions.

A

membranous septum

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29
Q

The major dilated part of the bulbus cordis is incorporated into RV as the origin of _____________.

A

pulmonary trunk artery

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30
Q

In the adult, the bulbus cordis is called _________.

A

conus arteriosus

31
Q

Term for narrow part of the bulbus cordis

A

conus cordis

32
Q

The conus cordis is divided by paired __________ which fuse on midline.

A

conotruncal ridges

33
Q

The _________ septum divides the conus cordis into two main channels. What are the 2 main channels?

A

aorticopulmonary septum
aortic
pulmonary

34
Q

On the right, the sinus venosus persists as _________ and the left persists of the _________.

A

sinus venarum
coronary sinus

35
Q

_______ cells lateral to the heart form its cranial and caudal connections.

A

angiogenic

36
Q

Angiogenic cells in the ________ and ______ form extraembryonic vessels.

A

yolk sac
allantois

37
Q

Term for diverticulum of primitive gut which forms umbilical vessels

A

allantois

38
Q

(T/F) The circulatory systems in a given species look very similar.

A

True

39
Q

(T/F) Vessels form alongside the heart.

A

False - independently and link up after

40
Q

Term for formation of vascular plexuses

A

vasculogenesis

41
Q

Hemangioblasts of splanchnic mesoderm form __________ which are the initial individual crystals that proliferate.

A

blood islands

42
Q

Blood islands connect to form __________.

A

vascular plexuses

43
Q

The extraembryonic plexuses of blood islands are in ________ while the intraembryonic plexuses are __________.

A

yolk sac
around forming organs

44
Q

Cells of the extra & intraembryonic plexuses differentiate to form what 2 things?

A

blood cells
vascular endothelium

45
Q

Term for sprouting of blood vessels and remodeling of vascular plexuses

A

angiogenesis

46
Q

Several organs produce ______ for vessel formation.

A

angiogenesis factors

47
Q

Differentiation between artery and vein depends on _____ and _____ of blood flow.

A

amount and direction
(pressure differences)

48
Q

(T/F) If the peripheral nerve fails to form properly, the blood supply will also not form in that area.

A

True

49
Q

If there is low pressure and less elasticity, the vessel will become ______. Constant, high pressure and elasticity will form _______.

A

veins
arteries

50
Q

What are the 4 paired vessels of the embryonic arterial system?

A

aortic arches
dorsal aorta
vitelline A
umbilical A

51
Q

Vitelline A is from the _______ while the umbilical A is from the ______.

A

yolk sac
allantois

52
Q

The venous system of the embryo is made up of what 4 veins?

A

cranial cardinal V
caudal cardinal V
vitelline V
umbilical V

53
Q

Vitelline veins convey blood from _____ to _____.

A

yolk sac
heart

54
Q

Within the liver, vitelline veins form ________.

A

hepatic sinusoids

55
Q

The cranial patent portions of vitelline veins form _______.

A

hepatic veins

56
Q

The caudal patient portions of the vitelline veins form _________.

A

portal veins

57
Q

Vitelline arteries distribute blood from ______ to _____.

A

dorsal aortae
yolk sac

58
Q

In the adult, right vitelline arteries form what?

A

ventral, unpaired branches of aorta

59
Q

What 3 arteries do the right vitelline arteries form in the adult?

A
  1. esophageal A
  2. cranial mesenteric A
  3. caudal mesenteric A
60
Q

The umbilical veins convey (deoxygenated/oxygenated) blood from the _______.

A

oxygenated
placenta

61
Q

The right umbilical vein obliterates and persists as ____________. What happens to the left?

A

round ligament of liver
degenerates

62
Q

The umbilical arteries return ____ blood to the _______.

A

fetal
placenta

63
Q

If umbilical arteries remain patent, they will form _______.

A

cranial vesical Aa

64
Q

If the umbilical arteries collapse they form ___________.

A

round ligament of bladder (paired)

65
Q

What is the ventral mesentery called if it degenerates?

A

falciform ligament

66
Q

____ pairs of aortic arches form in the vertebrate embryo but only which are retained?

A

6
3, 4, 6

67
Q

The dorsal aortae fuse (cranially/caudally) to form the adult aorta and the ventral aortae fuse (cranially/caudally) near the heart.

A

caudally
cranially

68
Q

The dorsal aortae are retained near the arches and extend to form ________ Aa.

A

internal carotid Aa

69
Q

The ventral aortae extend to form _______ Aa.

A

external carotid

70
Q

_______ Aa are formed between the 3rd and 4th aortic arch.

A

common carotid

71
Q

The 3rd aortic arch is retained as connections between _______ and _______.

A

ventral aortae
internal carotid Aa

72
Q

The left side of aortic arch 4 forms adult ______ while the right forms the ________.

A

aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk

73
Q

The proximal parts of aortic arch 6 form roots of ________. What happens to the distal parts?

A

pulmonary Aa
lost (degenerate)

74
Q

The left side of aortic arch 6 becomes ________ and in the adult is the ________.

A

ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum

Developmental Anatomy (4 decks)

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