Development of arteries Flashcards
قال إنما أشكو بثي وحزني إلي الله وأعلم من الله مالا تعلمون
فلما أن جاءه البشر ألقاه علي وجهه فارتد بصيرا قال ألم أقل لكم إني أعلم من الله مالاتعلمون
Asthma
◼ Asthma is a Heterogeneous disease characterized
by chronic airway inflammation.
◼ It is defined by the history of respiratory symptoms
such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest
tightness, and cough, that vary overtime and in
intensity.
◼ Together with variable expiratory airflow limitation
(i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs)
Type 2 Asthma ?
- allergic
- aspirin exacerbated late onset eosiophilic ashtma
Non type 2 athma ?
Obesity
Pacugrenulocte mediated asthma smooth muscles medaiated
smoking mediated neutrophilic asthma
Factors that influence the risk of
asthma can be divided into:
• Host Factors: those that cause the development of
asthma
• Environmental Factors: those that trigger asthma
symptoms
How is asthma diagnosed?
Diagnosis should be based on: I- History of Present illness II- Past medical history III- Family history IV- Physical examination V -Investigations
• Only hepatocytes and enterocytes
can effectively excrete cholesterol from
the body.
Some of the cholesterol in the intestine
is modified by bacteria before excretion,
giving rise to coprostanol (the major
sterol in stools)
All tissues especially liver, intestine, adrenal cortex, and reproductive
tissues.
• All the carbons provided by acetyl CoA
• It needs NADPH and ATP in the synthesis.
Synthesis requires enzymes in both the cytosol and the
membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
indication of hydralazine artriolar VD
- HF: with nitrates but ACEI is better
2. Hypertension: IV in eclampsia
Mention the sets of aortic vessles ?
the aortic sac the dilated cranial part of TA truncus arteriosus it is
Ventral to pharynx
the 2 dorsal aortae passing dorsal to the primitve gut then unite caudally to form single dorsal aorta
the aortic arches 6 pairs connecting the dorasal aorta to the ventral aortic sac each pair runs in the coressponding pharyngeal archalong the side of pharynx
Arch or aorta is multiple source vessel ?
This due to its formation by the stem and left horn of the Aortic Sac
proximal part of the arch!
and middle fromt the left 4th arch
distal by the left dorsal aorta part between the 4th arch and the left 7th intersegmental artery
The bracicephalic artery source?> conitues as?>
The right horn of aortic sac and
contiues with the
right subclavian and
right common carotid artery
Dorsal aorta give intersgmental arterirs what are they ?
They are arterirs passing between somites to supply the body wall muscles and skin like thoracic wall edx: intercostal arteries
Dorsal aorta give lateral splanchnic arteris what are they ?
arteries supplying the intermediate cell mass mesoderm like urogenital system
like renal arteris
Dorsal aorta give ventral splanchmic arterirs what are they ?
arteries supplying the gut
1- the vitlline supplying the gut
2-umbilical function during ebryogensis after birth they are obliterated
Dorsal aorta give ventral splanchmic arterirs what are they ?
arteries supplying the gut
1- the vitlline supplying the gut
2-umbilical function during ebryogensis after birth they are obliterated
Vitlline arteries Remenatnts mention ?
supply yolk sac and gut
1- Coeliac Trunlk foregut
2-Superior Mesenteric artery midgut
3-inferior mesenteric artery hindgut
Umbilical artery connect ?
the placenta with develooping viscera
First and second origin of the Umbilical artery
1st dorsal aorta
2nd common iliac artey
fate of the umbilical artery ?>
the proximal part forms internal iliac artery
the distal part contiues as the umbilical artetry
External iliac source?:
its orginated as a bud from the common iliac artery
Dorsal aorta gives?
intersegmental
lateral splanchnic
visceral splanchnic
اكرام الضيف
عَن أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: (مَنْ كَانَ يُؤمِنُ بِاللهِ وَاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرَاً أَو لِيَصْمُتْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤمِنُ بِاللهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ، ومَنْ كَانَ يُؤمِنُ بِاللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ) رواه البخاري ومسلم.
سبب إجابة الدعاء
عَنْ أَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ : (إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى طَيِّبٌ لاَ يَقْبَلُ إِلاَّ طَيِّبَاً وَإِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ المُرْسَلِيْنَ فَقَالَ : (يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحاً) (المؤمنون: الآية51) ، وَقَالَ: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ ) (البقرة: الآية172) ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الرَّجُلَ يُطِيْلُ السَّفَرَ أَشْعَثَ أَغْبَرَ، يَمُدُّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاء،ِ يَا رَبِّ يَا رَبِّ، وَمَطْعَمُهُ حَرَامٌ ،وَمَشْرَبُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَغُذِيَ بِالحَرَامِ فَأَنَّى يُسْتَجَابُ لذلك) رواه مسلم.
البعد عن مواطن الشبهات
عَنْ أَبِيْ عَبْدِ اللهِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بِشِيْر رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: (إِنَّ الحَلالَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ الحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَهُمَا أُمُوْرٌ مُشْتَبِهَات لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ كَثِيْرٌ مِنَ النَّاس،ِ فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبُهَاتِ فَقَدِ اسْتَبْرأَ لِدِيْنِهِ وعِرْضِه، وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ فِي الحَرَامِ كَالرَّاعِي يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِيْهِ. أَلا وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمَىً . أَلا وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللهِ مَحَارِمُهُ، أَلا وإِنَّ فِي الجَسَدِ مُضْغَةً إِذَا صَلَحَتْ صَلَحَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ وإذَا فَسَدَت فَسَدَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ أَلا وَهيَ القَلْبُ) رواه البخاري ومسلم .
The 1st , 2nd , 3rd right distal of 6th arches diappear the firrst may not develop
Remants of first arch
of second arch
first arch give maxillary artery for head
second arch gives stapedial artery in the middle ear
The 3rd aortic arch gives\
procimally ?
distally ?
proximal part gives the common carotid artery which give a bud for external carotid artety how formed ?
distal part give the internal l carotid artery
external carotid artety how formed ?
the common carotid artery that arises proximal of 3rd arch gives the common carotid artery which give a bud for external carotid
the 4th arch gives?
Righ : Right subclavian artery
left : the middle aortic arch
the middle aortic arch arise from ?
the 4th arch LEFT
the right subclavain arise from
the 4th arch
and dorsal aorta between 4th arch and 7th intersegmental artery itself + brachiocepahilic
The 6th arch fate ?>
proximal gives right and left pulmonary artery !
distal left gives ductus arteriosus between left pulmonary and aortic arch
right disappear
The 6th arch fate ?>
proximal gives right and left pulmonary artery !
distal left gives ductus arteriosus between left pulmonary and aortic arch
right disappear
The 6th arch fate ?>
proximal gives right and left pulmonary artery !
distal left gives ductus arteriosus between left pulmonary and aortic arch
right disappear
The arch that disappear completely?
the 5th arch
The part of dorsal aorta that disappear?>
the part between 3rd and 4th arches
between 7th intersegmental and the common dorsal aorta
aortic arches that remains
the 3d and 4th and 6th except distal right
Internal carotid is multiple source vessel ?.
Proximal and Distal !!!!
the 3arch distal forms proximal internal carotid
the part of dorsal aorta cranial to the 3rd arch forms the distal internal carotid
The right subclavian is mixed sourece artery ?
The proximal middle and distal
proxiaml from the right 4th arch
middle from the right part of the dorsal aorta between the right 4th arch and 7th intersegmental artery
dorsal the right 7th intersegmental
brachiocephalic
the arch of aorta is multisource artery?>
The proximal middle distal
proimal form the ventral aortic sac stem and left horn
middle from the left 4th arch
distal from part of dorsal aorta between the left 4th aortic arch and left 7th intersegmental artery
What about left subclavian artery?
from the left 7th intersegmental artery
the right and left pulmonary arteris formed by ?
the proximal of 6th arch
the left pulmonary artery connected to the arch of aorta by ?
ductus arteriosius formed by distal left of 6th arch
Why the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left : in thorax
right : in the neck ?
The left reucrrent laryngel nerve hooks around the 6th arch distal part which forms in the left the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arterous later) so remain in the thorax and it asendes to larynx
the right recuurent laryngeal cannot see the distal pare of 6th arch on right side is escaped !?> where are you ? so it try to hooks around the 5th arch but disappointedly , he didn’t see him ! he also escaped with the 6th distal so it found a hand of cooperation when he saw the 4th arch which forms the subclavian artery it allowed him to hook around him and gives him a home in the neck
ألا أخبركم او احدثكم بشئ اذا نزل برجل منكم كرب او بلاء من بلاء الدنيا دعا به فرج عنه؟
بلي يا رسول الله!
دعاء ذي النون : لا إله إلا أنت سبحانك إني كنت من الظالمين
توحيد العبودية والربوبية و التنزيه وكمال الصفات والتضرغ والخيفة و الخوف والرجاء والأمل !
عدم التوازن
الضعف
التعلق بالأسباب
التعلق بالسماء لا بالأسباب
التقوي بالله
التوكل علي الله فلا يقدر عليه احد !
سبحانك ! لك الكمال إني كنت من الظالمين !!
The desncding aorta mention the sources >? o
proximal and distal
proximal from the left dorsal aorta caudal to the left 7th intersegmental art
distal from the single
common dorsal aorta
Anomalies of arteries mention >? 4
4 PCDR patent ductus arterosus coarction of aorta double aortic arch right aortic arch
Explain patent ductus arteriosus ,
The ductus arterosius is not converted into the ligamentum arteriosus
make the way open for the deoxygenated blood to flow from the left pulmonary art to the arch of aorta
may be 2ry to the coarctation of aorta
The aortic coarctation explain ?
it is narrowing of any segment aorta reducing blood flow to the lower body may be
preductal and post ductal
preductal with PDA
Post ductal no PDA
in case of postductal there will be good collateral circulation to desceding aorta wich gives the posterior intercostal anastomsing with anterorior inttercostal arssing fomr internal mamary artery
the blood flow from ant to post to desscenfing aorta ok>?
and the internal thoraci artery aslo shar in collateral cir
What are casuses of some notches in the ribs in radiograph of the thorax ?
some collateral vessesl of ant and post intercostal are large and tortuous and pulsating and this leads to erosin and notches ok ?
Explain the double aortic arch .
That is due to persisitant part of dorsal aorta between the right 7th intersegmental artery and the common dorsal aorta
the 2 aortic arches areis from the ascending aorta and forms a ring around the trachea and esophagus then unites to form the descenging aorta
The right aortic arch explain >
This due to reverasl of the fates of 4 and 6 aortic arches
the right of 4th will form the right arch aorta left form left subclavian
and the right of 6th distal will form ductus artroius meanwhile the left distal disappear s
the caudal migration of heart casuining what to the recurrent laryngeal?
pulling it down and forimng a loop before it returns to the neck ?!
وتري الملائكة حافين من حول العرش يسبحون بحمد ربهم و قضي بينهم بالحق وقيل:
الحــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــمد لله رب العــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــالميـــــــــــــــــــــــــــن
Has the patient had an attack or recurrent attacks of wheezing? Does the patient wheeze or cough after exercise? Does the patient experience symptoms after exposure to allergens or pollutants
Do the patient’s
colds “go to the
chest” or take >10
days to clear up?
are symptoms treated by appropriate asthme treatment ?
what is these steps?
history of patient
cholesterol synthesis steps mention
1.Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
(HMG) CoA
2.Synthesis of mevalonic acid (mevalonate)
3.Conversion of mevalonate to activated isoprene unit (C5)
.Condensation of 6 activated isoprene units to form
squalene (C30
Conversion of squalene to lanosterol then to cholesterol
(C27)
1.Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
(HMG) CoA show it?
Two acetyl CoA molecules condense to form acetoacetyl CoA by
Thiolase enzyme. Next,
a third molecule of acetyl CoA is added, producing Hydroxymethyl Glutaryl CoA (HMG CoA), a sixcarbon compound, this reaction is catalyzed by
HMG CoA synthase.
