Development - Kohlberg

Question 1

who was Kohlberg inspired by?

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

what is the Heinz dilemma?

Answer 2

• Does not have to be word for word*
• Heinz’s wife is terminally ill but there is one medication that can treat her
• The medication costs lots of money and although Heinz saves up a lot of money he still can’t afford it
• The company will not just give him the drugs as they won’t make profit after all the research money they used
• Heinz has to make a decision; whether to steal the medication or let his wife die

Question 3

what are the three main stages of moral development?

Answer 3

pre-conventional
conventional
post-conventional

Question 4

who were Kohlberg’s participants?

Answer 4

white american men

Question 5

how does Kohlberg measure morality in a person?

Answer 5

by using a moral dilemma and analysing the answers

Question 6

what does stage 1 of pre-conventional include?

Answer 6

obedience or punishment

Question 7

describe stage 1 of pre-conventional

Answer 7

-no difference between doing the right thing and avoiding punishment

Question 8

what does stage 2 of pre-conventional include?

Answer 8

self-interest

Question 9

describe stage 2 of pre-conventional

Answer 9

• interests shift to rewards rather than punishment

- an effort is made to secure the greatest benefit to oneself

Question 10

what does stage 3 of conventional include?

Answer 10

conformity and interpersonal relationships

Question 11

describe stage 3 of conventional

Answer 11

• the ‘good girl/boy’ level

- an effort is made tp secure approval and maintain friendly relations with others

Question 12

what does stage 4 of conventional include?

Answer 12

authority and social order

Question 13

describe stage 4 of conventional

Answer 13

• orientation toward fixed rules
• the purpose of morality is maintaining the social order
• interpersonal accord is expanded to include the entire society

Question 14

what does stage 5 of post-conventional include?

Answer 14

social contract

Question 15

describe stage 5 of post-conventional

Answer 15

• mutual benefit, reciprocity
• morally right and legally right are not always the same
• utilitarian rules that make life better for everyone

Question 16

what does stage 6 of post-conventional include?

Answer 16

universal principles

Question 17

describe stage 6 of post-conventional

Answer 17

-morality is based on principles that transcend mutual benefit

Question 18

who were Kohlberg’s main two critics?

Answer 18

• Colby et al (1983)

- Gilligan (1982)