Development - Definitions

Question 1

define adaptation

Answer 1

the tendency to respond to the environment to meet one’s goals

Question 2

define organisation

Answer 2

the tendency to integrate particular observations into coherent knowledge

Question 3

define assimilation

Answer 3

the process by which people translate incoming information into a form they can understand

Question 4

define accommodation

Answer 4

the process by which people adapt current knowledge structures in response to new experiences

Question 5

define equilibration

Answer 5

the process by which people balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding

Question 6

define schema

Answer 6

organized knowledge used to guide action. babies are born with innate schemas and through assimilation and accommodation these can develop into more complex knowledge about the world

Question 7

define object permanence

Answer 7

the concept gained by infants that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen

Question 8

define conservation

Answer 8

the understanding that an object does not change its properties simply because it changes shape

Question 9

define logical thinking

Answer 9

the process of working systematically through problems, developing hypotheses and testing them until a solution is found

Question 10

define classify (classification)

Answer 10

to group objects or events by features they have in common

Question 11

define abstract thinking

Answer 11

thinking that does not rely on being able to see or handle concrete materials in order to be able to reason about them

Question 12

define ego identity

Answer 12

our continually changing sense of self that emerges due to our social interactions and experiences

Question 13

define ego strength

Answer 13

this develops when people successfully master each stage of development

Question 14

define conflict (in terms of Erikson)

Answer 14

at each stage of development, people face some type of conflict that serves as a turning point in the developmental processes

Question 15

define sense of identity

Answer 15

describes the enduring personality characteristics of each and every one of us - across the entire life span

Question 16

define reciprocal determinism

Answer 16

attributes human functioning to the interactions of behaviors, personal variables and the environment (addresses the interaction between how we think and act)

Question 17

define attention as a necessary condition for effective modeling

Answer 17

only copying if paying attention - if there is no interest or if something else is distracting there is no right frame of mind to pay attention to the behavior in which trying to copy

Question 18

define retention as a necessary condition for effective modeling

Answer 18

remembering what the person paid attention to and remembering it - perhaps through rehersal

Question 19

define reproduction as a necessary condition for effective modeling

Answer 19

reproducing the image - including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction

Question 20

define motivation as a necessary condition for effective modeling

Answer 20

having a good reason to imitate - includes motives such as real or imagined incentives