Development indicators and terms pt2

Question 1

Define globalisation

Answer 1

This is the process by which cities become part of a world market

Question 2

Define de-centralisation

Answer 2

The movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban areas into suburban areas

Question 3

What does HIC stand for

Answer 3

High income country or high industrialised country

Question 4

What does NIC stand for?

Answer 4

Newly industrialised country

Question 5

What does LIC stand for?

Answer 5

Low income country
Low industrialised country

Question 6

What is GDP and GDP per capita?

Answer 6

This is a measure of wealth and mean wealth through income. A high GDP per capita could represent a high income country however this value could be skewed by the minority of richer people.

Question 7

What is a poverty line

Answer 7

The number of people earning less than $1.90 per day. In the UK, 0.2% of the population are on the poverty line. In countries like South Sudan, Zimbabwe and Madagascar the rates are around 70%.

Question 8

What is economic inequality?

Answer 8

This is the difference in wealth between the poorest 10% and richest 10% of society. The larger the inequality the less the wealth is spread across the population.

Question 9

Define life expectancy

Answer 9

Measuring lifestyles and health. Life expectancy predicts how long a person will live, made when they’re born, based on estimated advances, risks of diseases and current services

Question 10

Define literacy rate

Answer 10

Quality of education which correlates to economic output. À well educated workforce tends to earn higher wages.

Question 11

Define infant mortality rate

Answer 11

Quality of healthcare and attitudes towards children. It is important since infants are some of most vulnerability in society, to diseases, infection or suffer from malnutrition.

Question 12

Define a bottom up project

Answer 12

A small scheme that is planned and controlled by NGO’s or charities with local communities themselves in order to help the local area and people in need.

Question 13

What is corruption within a government?

Answer 13

Corruption in governments means that they are dishonest or steal money (usually from aid or originally for the people) to maintain power and increase financial gain.

Question 14

Define foreign policy

Answer 14

A country’s policies and government agreements regarding other countries. This may control tourism, business investment and aid.

Question 15

Define Frank’s Dependency Model

Answer 15

Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colonial through exploitation and economic dependency

Question 16

Define GDP (gross domestic product)

Answer 16

The value of all produce and spending within a country.

Question 17

Define governance

Answer 17

The management of a place or group of people

Question 18

Define human development index (HDI)

Answer 18

A measure of several indicators including life expectancy, inequality and education

Question 19

Define ‘indicator’

Answer 19

A way of measuring development, which focuses on social, economic or environmental aspects.

Question 20

Define infant mortality rate

Answer 20

The fraction of children under 5 years old that die compared to the total number of births

Question 21

Define informal work

Answer 21

Self employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited benefits / insurance.

Question 22

Define literacy rate

Answer 22

The percentage of the population that can read and write

Question 23

Define a LIC (low income country)

Answer 23

A country of low wealth and a limited level of development

Question 24

Define a MIC (middle income country)

Answer 24

A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development

Question 25

Define military pacts

Answer 25

An agreement between countries to help defend their countries and provide military assistance when needed

Question 26

Define NGO (Non-government organisations)

Answer 26

A company or organisation that operates separate from the government and does not aim to make a profit - e.g charities or universities.

Question 27

Define respiratory conditions

Answer 27

Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease

Question 28

Define Rostow’s modernisation theory

Answer 28

The development of a country takes five stages of growth
Traditional society
Pre conditions for take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
Mass consumption

Question 29

Define squatter settlements

Answer 29

Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often built in unfavourable land

Question 30

What is a territorial dispute?

Answer 30

Disagreements between countries over who owns and governs areas of land

Question 31

Define a transnational company (TNC)

Answer 31

A business operating in multiple countries

Question 32

Define a top-down project

Answer 32

A large scale scheme to improve development often made by a governments or a large TNC. The benefits should primarily affect the lower, impoverished people.

Question 33

Define topography

Answer 33

The shape and relief of the land e.g mountainous or flat.

Question 34

Define deindustrialisation

Answer 34

The reduction of manufacturing within an economy

Question 34

What causes deindustrialisation

Answer 34

There is a faster growth in manufacturing than there is in services

Question 35

Define gentrification

Answer 35

a process of urban development in which a city neighborhood develops rapidly over a short time, changing from low to high value

Question 36

Define ‘ zone of assimilation’

Answer 36

This is when urban development begins to develop over areas of housing surrounding the CBD, for example the houses could be transformed into offices or industries.

Question 37

What is the Gini efficient?

Answer 37

a statistical technique used to show the extent of income inequality in a country. With values between 0 and 1, a low value indicates a more equal income distribution while a high value means more unequal income distribution.