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Geography > development dynamics > Flashcards

development dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is development

A

use of resources to improve the standard of living

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2
Q

what is economic development

A

total value of goods and services provided

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3
Q

what is social development

A

improvement in quality of life, social well being and social injustice

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4
Q

what is political development

A

level of democracy and freedom

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5
Q

what is the human development index (HDI)

A

Gives country a value between 0-1 on life expectancy, education and income.
It is a more accurate way of measuring development

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6
Q

what is purchasing power parity

A

GDP given in terms of what it can buy using local prices

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7
Q

what is corruption perception index

A

Scale from 10 to 0 and helps people decide where investment is safest

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8
Q

what is gross domestic product (GDP)

A

The total value of goods and services in a nation measured over a year per person

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9
Q

other ways of measuring development

A

Infant mortality, literacy rate, doctors per 100, salary, birth rate, death rate

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10
Q

how is the world divided

A

It is divided by the Brant line with the wealthy countries in the north and unwealthy in the south

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11
Q

what is the birth rate indicator

A

number of live births per 1000

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12
Q

what is the death rate indicator

A

number of deaths per 1000

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13
Q

what is the fertility rate indicator

A

average number of births per woman

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14
Q

what is the maternal mortality rate indicator

A

number of mothers per 100000 who die in childbirth

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15
Q

what is the infant mortality rate indicator

A

number of children per 100 live births who died before there first birthday

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16
Q

what is the life expectancy rate indicator

A

average number of years a person can expect to live

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17
Q

features of a developed countries population pyramid

A
  • barrel shape
  • young dependents and economically active equal
  • high life expectancy
  • few elderly dependents
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18
Q

features of a developing countries population pyramid

A
  • wide base lots of young dependents
  • narrow economically active
  • high death rate
  • narrow old people
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19
Q

features of a emerging countries population pyramid

A
  • pretty wide base
  • large amount of economically active
  • narrow old dependents
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20
Q

what is the development gap

A

the difference in standards of living between the worlds richest and poorest

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21
Q

what is the champagne glass distribution

A

wine glass split into 5 Quintiles of 20% telling us what amount of the worlds riches each sector has

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22
Q

location of countries

Problems
How it effects country’s development

A

cut of from sea trade, takes longer to sell, costs more for food

more money spent on selling items

23
Q

natural hazards

Problems
How it effects country’s development

A

destruction, reduced quality of life

costly to repair infrastructure

24
Q

poor climate

Problems
How it effects country’s development

A

not much will grow, more pests and disease

less money from taxes, affect the ability of population to stay healthy

25
Q

limited water supply

Problems
How it effects country’s development

A

people are ill, conflict, reduces income

war can take money, woman have to travel far meaning they don’t work

26
Q

raw materials

Problems
How it effects country’s development

A

make less money

don’t have money to develop them, if they could process then their economy would be boosted

27
Q

the 5 steps to Rostows model of economic development

A

1) Traditional society (work in agriculture)
2) Pre-take off society (farming to manufacturing)
3) Take off stage (growth is rapid. investment and technology create new industry’s)
4) Drive to maturity (period of growth. produce consumer goods)
5) Age of high mass consumption (consumers enjoy wide range of goods)

28
Q

what does Franks dependency model show

A

The core is the developed countries and the periphery the other areas. The periphery depends on the core for its market.
Periphery sell raw materials to the core and the core processes them for profit

29
Q

how factors affect how globalization came about

A 
Inter-dependence
Volumes and variety of trade
Technology
Flows of investment
Outsourcing
culture through media companies
30
Q

how does Inter-dependence create globalisation

A

countries depend on each other like the UK relies on India for its tea, India relies on UK for jobs from tea

31
Q

how does Volumes and variety of trade create globalisation

A

India has intellectuals and France a large coast line

32
Q

how does Technology create globalisation

A

can have conferences overseas giving easier access to each other

33
Q

how does Flows of investment create globalisation

A

TNCs-money flows all round the world

34
Q

how does Outsourcing create globalisation

A

TNCs factories in Asian countries

35
Q

how does culture through media companies create globalisation

A

cold-play in shanghai

36
Q

how does culture through media companies create globalisation

A

cold-play in shanghai

37
Q

what is Foreign Direct Investment

A

In the 1990s US and European TNCs began to invest in Asia because of the cheap labor, less educated and large workforce.
manufacturing went from developed to developing

38
Q

what is the primary sector

A

farmer

39
Q

what is the secondary sector

A

making something with raw materials. Factorys

40
Q

what is the tertiary sector

A

provide a service

41
Q

what is the Quaternary sector

A

very skilled jobs

42
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (scale)

A

large scale small scale

43
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (aims)

A

unsustainable, creates problems for community’s, short term

more sustainable, benefits community’s, low cost

44
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (funding)

A

TNCs NGOs

45
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (technology)

A

expensive, complex basic, easy fix

46
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (decision making)

A

government local people

47
Q

Top-down and Bottom-up (decision making)

A

government local people

48
Q

Economic TNC
ads
dis

A

multiplier affect

take profit back

49
Q

Social TNC
ads
dis

A

create jobs

exploitation of cheap labor

50
Q

Environmental TNC
ads
dis

A

air and water pollution

51
Q

what is bottom up development

A

community development

52
Q

what is a TNC

A

a firm that owns or controls production in more than one country through foreign direct investment

53
Q

what is top down development

A

government development

Geography (12 decks)

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