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Geography > challenges of an urbanizing world > Flashcards

challenges of an urbanizing world Flashcards

1
Q

what is urbanisation

A

a rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

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2
Q

push factors

A 
not enough work
lack of money
poor climate
natural disasters
poverty
less investment
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3
Q

pull factors

A 
lots of work
better healthcare
housing
more money to send to family
better entertainment
TNC investment
better infrastructure
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4
Q

what is a mega-city

A

many centered, multi-city area of more than 10 million people

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5
Q

what is a world city

A

mega-cities that have a disproportionate role in world affairs.

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6
Q

what is a conurbation

A

a continuous urban or built up area, formed by merging towns and cities

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7
Q

what is a metropolitan area

A

centered part of a main city

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8
Q

why do world cities dominate a country

A

Decision makers, Airline traffic, investment, political decisions

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9
Q

what is urban primacy

A

an importance or influence bigger than their size suggests

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10
Q

what is urbanisation

A

a rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas, compared to rural areas

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11
Q

what is net growth

A

number left over after subtracting those leaving from those arriving

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12
Q

what is de-industrialisation

A

closure of industries

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13
Q

pull factors of new york

A

employs people for knowledge economy

money from knowledge economy

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14
Q

push factors of detroit

A

less jobs due to cars being built by robots - lack of oppurtunites
bankruptcy - low pay
de-industrialisation - lack of investment

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15
Q

pull factors of Kampala

A 
better services
better life chances
more construction jobs
more jobs
more health and education
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16
Q

what is the informal economy

A

an unofficial economy where no records are kept

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17
Q

what is the formal economy

A

one which is official and meets legal standards for accounts taxes and workers pay and conditions

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18
Q

% of workers in Kampala in the informal economy

and value

A

80

33 billion

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19
Q

% of workers in new York in the informal economy

A

no data

3.6 trillion

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20
Q

% of workers in new delhi in the informal economy

A

75

1 trillion

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21
Q

main jobs of informal Kampala

A

cooking

selling goods

22
Q

main jobs of informal new york

A

construction

street selling

23
Q

main jobs of informal new delhi

A

selling food

goods

24
Q

similarities of informal economy in urban economy’s

A

sell goods
pay no tax
cash in hand

25
Q

differences of informal economy in urban economy’s

A

more in undeveloped countries
value is higher in developed cities
worse working conditions

26
Q

advantages of Kampala informal economy

A

offers opportunities

don’t get taxed

27
Q

advantages of new Delhi informal economy

A

50% GDP

lots of jobs

28
Q

advantages of new York informal economy

A

paid better that developing

tax avoidance

29
Q

disadvantages of Kampala informal economy

A

not well paid

hard

30
Q

disadvantages of new Delhi informal economy

A

not well paid

no regulations

31
Q

disadvantages of new York informal economy

A

no protection

32
Q

what is regeneration

A

means re-developing former industrial areas or housing to improve them

33
Q

what is brownfield

A

sites are former industrial areas that have been developed before

34
Q

what has been done in new York during re-urbanisation

A

knowledge economy has created employment

closure of docks and industries has created space for regeneration

city is safer, due to increased employment and “zero tolerance”

35
Q

why did counter-urbanisation take place in new York during 1950 and 1980

A

people left the city mostly white second generation migrants who had done well enough to move. Known as the “white flight”

Black Americans were left and ethnic rivals formed
this meant wealth left and safety was gone

36
Q

why new York grow

A

begin on Manhattan and the city habour enabled it to trade
it was the main entry point for migrants
communities were created and formed ethnic enclaves
which are unique communities

37
Q

suburbanisation of New York

A

the extensive subway and rail expanded so people could travel easily. Greater space outside promised better quality of life

car ownership grew and bridges and freeways

38
Q

pull factors of new York after counter urbanisation

A 
cheap fuel
expansion of subway
few planning restrictions
more open spaces
accessible
low density
change in economy
39
Q

what is the CBD

A

central business district

buildings are taller

40
Q

what is are the suburbs

A

usually surrounding CBD

residential

41
Q

what is the rural urban fringe

A

green belt

42
Q

what is the inner city

A

industrial

closer to transport

43
Q

Accessibility of CBD

A

most accessible part

44
Q

Accessibility of suburbs

A

road

45
Q

Accessibility of inner city

A

industrial needs transport and rivers and rails

46
Q

cost of land in CBD

A

expensive

demand for land is greatest

47
Q

cost of land in inner city

A

land is cheaper terraces and flats are common

48
Q

cost of land in suburbs

A

land is cheaper terraces and flats are common

49
Q

planning decisions in CBD

A

planers allow buildings near main roads

50
Q

planning decisions in suburbs

A

developed estates and prefer buildings on brownfield

51
Q

planning decisions in inner city

A

new industry built on estates

Geography (12 decks)

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