challenges of an urbanizing world

Question 1

what is urbanisation

Answer 1

a rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

Question 2

push factors

Answer 2

not enough work
lack of money
poor climate
natural disasters
poverty
less investment

Question 3

pull factors

Answer 3

lots of work
better healthcare
housing
more money to send to family
better entertainment
TNC investment
better infrastructure

Question 4

what is a mega-city

Answer 4

many centered, multi-city area of more than 10 million people

Question 5

what is a world city

Answer 5

mega-cities that have a disproportionate role in world affairs.

Question 6

what is a conurbation

Answer 6

a continuous urban or built up area, formed by merging towns and cities

Question 7

what is a metropolitan area

Answer 7

centered part of a main city

Question 8

why do world cities dominate a country

Answer 8

Decision makers, Airline traffic, investment, political decisions

Question 9

what is urban primacy

Answer 9

an importance or influence bigger than their size suggests

Question 10

what is urbanisation

Answer 10

a rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas, compared to rural areas

Question 11

what is net growth

Answer 11

number left over after subtracting those leaving from those arriving

Question 12

what is de-industrialisation

Answer 12

closure of industries

Question 13

pull factors of new york

Answer 13

employs people for knowledge economy

money from knowledge economy

Question 14

push factors of detroit

Answer 14

less jobs due to cars being built by robots - lack of oppurtunites
bankruptcy - low pay
de-industrialisation - lack of investment

Question 15

pull factors of Kampala

Answer 15

better services
better life chances
more construction jobs
more jobs
more health and education

Question 16

what is the informal economy

Answer 16

an unofficial economy where no records are kept

Question 17

what is the formal economy

Answer 17

one which is official and meets legal standards for accounts taxes and workers pay and conditions

Question 18

% of workers in Kampala in the informal economy

and value

Answer 18

80

33 billion

Question 19

% of workers in new York in the informal economy

Answer 19

no data

3.6 trillion

Question 20

% of workers in new delhi in the informal economy

Answer 20

75

1 trillion

Question 21

main jobs of informal Kampala

Answer 21

cooking

selling goods

Question 22

main jobs of informal new york

Answer 22

construction

street selling

Question 23

main jobs of informal new delhi

Answer 23

selling food

goods

Question 24

similarities of informal economy in urban economy’s

Answer 24

sell goods
pay no tax
cash in hand

Question 25

differences of informal economy in urban economy's

Answer 25

more in undeveloped countries value is higher in developed cities worse working conditions

Question 26

advantages of Kampala informal economy

Answer 26

offers opportunities | don't get taxed

Question 27

advantages of new Delhi informal economy

Answer 27

50% GDP | lots of jobs

Question 28

advantages of new York informal economy

Answer 28

paid better that developing | tax avoidance

Question 29

disadvantages of Kampala informal economy

Answer 29

not well paid | hard

Question 30

disadvantages of new Delhi informal economy

Answer 30

not well paid | no regulations

Question 31

disadvantages of new York informal economy

Answer 31

no protection

Question 32

what is regeneration

Answer 32

means re-developing former industrial areas or housing to improve them

Question 33

what is brownfield

Answer 33

sites are former industrial areas that have been developed before

Question 34

what has been done in new York during re-urbanisation

Answer 34

knowledge economy has created employment closure of docks and industries has created space for regeneration city is safer, due to increased employment and "zero tolerance"

Question 35

why did counter-urbanisation take place in new York during 1950 and 1980

Answer 35

people left the city mostly white second generation migrants who had done well enough to move. Known as the "white flight" Black Americans were left and ethnic rivals formed this meant wealth left and safety was gone

Question 36

why new York grow

Answer 36

begin on Manhattan and the city habour enabled it to trade it was the main entry point for migrants communities were created and formed ethnic enclaves which are unique communities

Question 37

suburbanisation of New York

Answer 37

the extensive subway and rail expanded so people could travel easily. Greater space outside promised better quality of life car ownership grew and bridges and freeways

Question 38

pull factors of new York after counter urbanisation

Answer 38

``` cheap fuel expansion of subway few planning restrictions more open spaces accessible low density change in economy ```

Question 39

what is the CBD

Answer 39

central business district | buildings are taller

Question 40

what is are the suburbs

Answer 40

usually surrounding CBD | residential

Question 41

what is the rural urban fringe

Answer 41

green belt

Question 42

what is the inner city

Answer 42

industrial | closer to transport

Question 43

Accessibility of CBD

Answer 43

most accessible part

Question 44

Accessibility of suburbs

Answer 44

road

Question 45

Accessibility of inner city

Answer 45

industrial needs transport and rivers and rails

Question 46

cost of land in CBD

Answer 46

expensive | demand for land is greatest

Question 47

cost of land in inner city

Answer 47

land is cheaper terraces and flats are common

Question 48

cost of land in suburbs

Answer 48

land is cheaper terraces and flats are common

Question 49

planning decisions in CBD

Answer 49

planers allow buildings near main roads

Question 50

planning decisions in suburbs

Answer 50

developed estates and prefer buildings on brownfield

Question 51

planning decisions in inner city

Answer 51

new industry built on estates