Development Dynamics

Question 1

Bottom-up Development

Answer 1

Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer assistance and let people have more control over their lives, often run by non-governmental organisations.

Question 2

Cash Crops

Answer 2

Crops sold for cash, directly from farmers to be exported and traded
on global markets

Question 3

Caste Based Society

Answer 3

The Hindu caste system determines a person’s status (and job), a
social custom found traditional rural villages in India

Question 4

Clark Fisher Model

Answer 4

Theory produced by two economists, Clark and Fisher, that explains changes in employment structure as countries develop their economies

Question 5

Colonisation

Answer 5

When another country takes over a foreign land and applies a system of power

Question 6

Communism

Answer 6

Is a system of government, based on the theories of Karl Marx, which believes in sharing wealth between all people

Question 7

Containerization

Answer 7

The transport of goods using container ships

Question 8

Core region

Answer 8

Areas within a country that are important economic hubs, with high levels of employment and technological innovation

Question 9

Cycle of poverty

Answer 9

A set of factors that cause continuous poverty unless

intervention is made

Question 10

Demographic data

Answer 10

All data linked to population e.g. birth rate, death rate etc.

Question 11

Dependency ratio

Answer 11

The proportion of people below (aged 0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age. The lower the number, the greater the number of people who work and are less dependent

Question 12

Development indicators

Answer 12

Measures of how a country is improving

Question 13

Economic liberalisation

Answer 13

When a country’s economy is given the freedom of a ‘market economy’, consumers and companies decide what people buy based on demand

Question 14

Emerging countries

Answer 14

A country with high-to-medium human development, and recent economic growth

Question 15

Fertility rate

Answer 15

Average number of births per woman

Question 16

Footloose

Answer 16

Term used to describe companies that are able to locate anywhere
there is high-quality communication links

Question 17

Foreign Direct Investment

Answer 17

Unrestricted flows of capital (money) from one country to another

Question 18

Frank’s Dependency Theory

Answer 18

Theory developed by economist André Frank that describes development using two types of global region (core and periphery)

Question 19

Gross Domestic Product

Answer 19

The total value of *goods and *services produced by a country in one year

Question 20

Globalisation

Answer 20

Increased connections between countries

Question 21

High Income Countries

Answer 21

Countries where employment is dominated by tertiary and quaternary sectors

Question 22

Human Development Index

Answer 22

A standard means of measuring human development

Question 23

Industrialisation

Answer 23

Where a mainly agricultural society changes and begins to depend on manufacturing industries instead

Question 24

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 24

The number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday

Question 25

Infrastructure

Answer 25

The basic services needed for an industrial country to operate e.g. roads, railways, power and water supplies, waste disposal, schools, hospitals, telephones and communication services

Question 26

Inter-Governmental Organisations

Answer 26

Governments and agencies working together

Question 27

Intermediate technology

Answer 27

Uses low-tech solutions using local materials, labour and expertise to solve problems

Question 28

Irrigation

Answer 28

It is the artificial watering of land that allows farming to take place

Question 29

Knowledge economy

Answer 29

An economy based on specialised knowledge and skill

Question 30

Level of development

Answer 30

Means a country's wealth (measured by its GDP), and its social and political progress (e.g. its education, health care or democratic process in which everyone can vote freely

Question 31

Maternal mortality

Answer 31

The number of mothers per 100 000 who die in childbirth

Question 32

Life expectancy

Answer 32

The average number of years a person can expect to live

Question 33

Low Income Countries

Answer 33

countries where employment is dominated by the primary sector e.g. farming

Question 34

Middle Income Countries

Answer 34

Countries dominated by the secondary sector (manufacturing), which often have large reserves of raw materials which has encouraged investment and growth e.g. Brazil and Chile

Question 35

Multiplier effect

Answer 35

When people or businesses move to an area and invest money on housing and services, which in turn creates more jobs and attracts more people

Question 36

New economy

Answer 36

Economy based on the sale of services, rather than manufactured products

Question 37

Newly Industrialising Countries

Answer 37

The name given to countries that have very recently started to rapidly develop, such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia (the ‘Asian Tigers’)

Question 38

Non governmental organisations

Answer 38

NGOs work to make life better, especially for the poor. Oxfam, the Red Cross and Greenpeace are all NGOs

Question 39

Outsourcing

Answer 39

Using people in other countries to provide services if they can do so more cheaply e.g. call centres

Question 40

Population structure

Answer 40

The number of each sex in each age group (e.g. 10-14), usually displayed in a population pyramid diagram

Question 41

Primary products

Answer 41

Raw materials

Question 42

Purchasing Power Parity

Answer 42

Shows what you can buy in each country, now used to measure | GDP

Question 43

Rostow's theory

Answer 43

Theory by Walt Rostow about the economic growth of countries

Question 44

Quaternary sector

Answer 44

Employment based on highly specialised knowledge and skill

Question 45

Recently Industrialising countries

Answer 45

Countries such as China and India which have recently industrialised

Question 46

Rural-urban migration

Answer 46

The movement of people from the countryside to the cities, normally to escape from poverty and to search for work

Question 47

Secondary products

Answer 47

Manufactured goods

Question 48

Secondary sector

Answer 48

Employment based in manufacturing

Question 49

Subsistence farming

Answer 49

Where farmers grow food to feed their families, rather than to sell

Question 50

Tariff

Answer 50

Additional cost added to the price of traded goods

Question 51

Terms of trade

Answer 51

Means the value of a country's exports relative to that of its imports

Question 52

Tertiary sector

Answer 52

Employment based on services

Question 53

Top down development

Answer 53

When decision-making about the development of a place is done by governments or large companies

Question 54

Trans-national companies

Answer 54

Those which operate across more than one country

Question 55

World Trade Organisation

Answer 55

A global organisation dedicated to making trade between countries easier