Challenges Of An Urbanising World

Question 1

Bottom up development

Answer 1

Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer
assistance and let people have more control over their lives,
often run by non-governmental organisations

Question 2

Brownfield sites

Answer 2

Former industrial areas that have been developed before

Question 3

Central Business District

Answer 3

The heart of an urban area, often containing a high percentage
of shops and offices

Question 4

Conurbation

Answer 4

A continuous urban or built-up area, formed by merging

towns or cities

Question 5

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 5

When people leave towns and cities to live in the countryside

Question 6

Deindustrialisation

Answer 6

Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries,
leading to unemployment

Question 7

Ethnic enclave

Answer 7

Communities with a similar origin

Question 8

Formal economy

Answer 8

Means one which is official, meets legal standards for accounts, taxes, and workers’ pay and conditions

Question 9

Gross Domestic Product

Answer 9

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year

Question 10

Hyperurbanisation

Answer 10

Rapid growth of urban areas

Question 11

Informal economy

Answer 11

An unofficial economy, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights

Question 12

Informal housing

Answer 12

Unplanned settlements such as squatter shacks

Question 13

Internal migration

Answer 13

Movement of people within the same country

Question 14

International migration

Answer 14

The movement of people from one country to another

Question 15

Knowledge economy

Answer 15

An economy based on specialised knowledge and skill

Question 16

Megacity

Answer 16

A many centered, multi-city urban area of more than 10 million people. A megacity is sometimes formed from several cities merging together

Question 17

Metropolitan area

Answer 17

Urban settlement

Question 18

Natural increase

Answer 18

The birth rate minus the death rate for a place. It is normally given
as a % of the total population

Question 19

Net growth

Answer 19

The number left after subtracting those leaving from those arriving

Question 20

Regeneration

Answer 20

Re-developing former industrial areas or housing to improve them

Question 21

Re-urbanisation

Answer 21

When people who used to live in the city and then moved out to the
country or to a suburb, move back to live in the city

Question 22

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 22

The surrounding urban areas of a urban centre

Question 23

Rural-urban migration

Answer 23

The movement of people from the countryside to the cities,

normally to escape from poverty and to search for work

Question 24

Sanitation

Answer 24

The provision of hygienic living conditions, such as clean drinking water and safe disposal of sewage

Question 25

Sustainable development

Answer 25

Defined by the Brundtland Commission as that which ‘meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’

Question 26

Top-down development

Answer 26

When decision-making about the development of a place is done by governments or large companies

Question 27

Urban

Answer 27

Built-up areas

Question 28

Urbanisation

Answer 28

A rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas,

compared to rural areas

Question 29

World city

Answer 29

Trade and invest globally e.g. London and New York