Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards

1
Q

Bottom up development

A

Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer
assistance and let people have more control over their lives,
often run by non-governmental organisations

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2
Q

Brownfield sites

A

Former industrial areas that have been developed before

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3
Q

Central Business District

A

The heart of an urban area, often containing a high percentage
of shops and offices

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4
Q

Conurbation

A

A continuous urban or built-up area, formed by merging

towns or cities

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5
Q

Counter-urbanisation

A

When people leave towns and cities to live in the countryside

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6
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries,
leading to unemployment

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7
Q

Ethnic enclave

A

Communities with a similar origin

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8
Q

Formal economy

A

Means one which is official, meets legal standards for accounts, taxes, and workers’ pay and conditions

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9
Q

Gross Domestic Product

A

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year

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10
Q

Hyperurbanisation

A

Rapid growth of urban areas

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11
Q

Informal economy

A

An unofficial economy, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights

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12
Q

Informal housing

A

Unplanned settlements such as squatter shacks

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13
Q

Internal migration

A

Movement of people within the same country

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14
Q

International migration

A

The movement of people from one country to another

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15
Q

Knowledge economy

A

An economy based on specialised knowledge and skill

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16
Q

Megacity

A

A many centered, multi-city urban area of more than 10 million people. A megacity is sometimes formed from several cities merging together

17
Q

Metropolitan area

A

Urban settlement

18
Q

Natural increase

A

The birth rate minus the death rate for a place. It is normally given
as a % of the total population

19
Q

Net growth

A

The number left after subtracting those leaving from those arriving

20
Q

Regeneration

A

Re-developing former industrial areas or housing to improve them

21
Q

Re-urbanisation

A

When people who used to live in the city and then moved out to the
country or to a suburb, move back to live in the city

22
Q

Rural-urban fringe

A

The surrounding urban areas of a urban centre

23
Q

Rural-urban migration

A

The movement of people from the countryside to the cities,

normally to escape from poverty and to search for work

24
Q

Sanitation

A

The provision of hygienic living conditions, such as clean drinking water and safe disposal of sewage

25
Sustainable development
Defined by the Brundtland Commission as that which 'meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'
26
Top-down development
When decision-making about the development of a place is done by governments or large companies
27
Urban
Built-up areas
28
Urbanisation
A rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas, | compared to rural areas
29
World city
Trade and invest globally e.g. London and New York