Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards
Bottom up development
Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer
assistance and let people have more control over their lives,
often run by non-governmental organisations
Brownfield sites
Former industrial areas that have been developed before
Central Business District
The heart of an urban area, often containing a high percentage
of shops and offices
Conurbation
A continuous urban or built-up area, formed by merging
towns or cities
Counter-urbanisation
When people leave towns and cities to live in the countryside
Deindustrialisation
Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries,
leading to unemployment
Ethnic enclave
Communities with a similar origin
Formal economy
Means one which is official, meets legal standards for accounts, taxes, and workers’ pay and conditions
Gross Domestic Product
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year
Hyperurbanisation
Rapid growth of urban areas
Informal economy
An unofficial economy, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights
Informal housing
Unplanned settlements such as squatter shacks
Internal migration
Movement of people within the same country
International migration
The movement of people from one country to another
Knowledge economy
An economy based on specialised knowledge and skill
Megacity
A many centered, multi-city urban area of more than 10 million people. A megacity is sometimes formed from several cities merging together
Metropolitan area
Urban settlement
Natural increase
The birth rate minus the death rate for a place. It is normally given
as a % of the total population
Net growth
The number left after subtracting those leaving from those arriving
Regeneration
Re-developing former industrial areas or housing to improve them
Re-urbanisation
When people who used to live in the city and then moved out to the
country or to a suburb, move back to live in the city
Rural-urban fringe
The surrounding urban areas of a urban centre
Rural-urban migration
The movement of people from the countryside to the cities,
normally to escape from poverty and to search for work
Sanitation
The provision of hygienic living conditions, such as clean drinking water and safe disposal of sewage
Sustainable development
Defined by the Brundtland Commission as that which ‘meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’
Top-down development
When decision-making about the development of a place is done by governments or large companies
Urban
Built-up areas
Urbanisation
A rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas,
compared to rural areas
World city
Trade and invest globally e.g. London and New York
