Development continued Flashcards
physical movement and body control follows a
cephalocaudal trend:
develops from head and proceeds downwards
physical movement and body control also follows a
proximodistal pattern:
growth proceeds from center of body and outwards
infants can lift their heads
By 2 months
babies will try to grab things of interest in front of them
by 3 months
babies can hold things
by 4 months
babies can sit by themselves
by 6 months
babies can pull themselves up to and hold furniture
by 7 months
babies can walk from sofa to coffee table while holding furniture
8-9 months
babies take first steps on their own
by 12-17 months
fine motor skills: drawing
2
3-4
5
2 years old→ crude crayon scribbles
3-4 years old→ crude drawings of people
5 years old → print letters
At 5 years old, children can
: dress alone, use silverware, and print letters
vision at birth
20-600 vision at birth (can see something 20 feet away, as well as we can see something 600 feet away) and can see black and white edges and patterns
vision at 4 months
4 months of age → colour approximation that of adults
vision at 6 months of age
6 months of age→ vision is 20-100
vision age 3-4
Age 3-4 → vision is roughly same as adults
used to test babies’ abilities to distinguish between a familiar and novel stimulus
habituation - dishabituation paradigm
the fast recovery of a response that has gone into habituation, typically as a result of the presentation of a novel, strong stimulus
dishabituate
testing babies’ perceptual abilities by measure which stimulus baby gazes at the longest
preferential looking
: a specific period in time when individuals are most receptive to a particular kind of input from the environment
critical period
in visual cliff experiment…
reponse from 6 month baby and 10 month baby
Mothers able to convince 6 month babies to crawl towards them
Mothers unable to convince 10 month babies to crawl towards them
development of depth perception comes from:
Ability to crawl + developed visual system = development of depth perception
: the degradation of synapses and dying off neurons that are not strengthened by experience/ not used
Synaptic-pruning
problems with neural pruning can result in
→ can lead to neurological disorders like autism or schizophrenia
what does white matter and grey matter of the brain consist of
White matter: axons and myelin
Grey matter: cell bodies
