Development and psychology Flashcards
what happens in week one of fetal development
fertilization occurs, zygote goes heads to uterus 3 days after it becomes the morula that enters the uterus the morula creates a cavity with 2 layers - blastocyst and trophoblast which implants into the uterus
what is simple diffusion transporting across the placenta
water oxygen electrolytes vitamins
what is facilitated diffusion transporting across the placenta
glucose, oxygen
what is active transport transporting across the placenta
amino acids, calcium, iron, water soluble vitamins,
what is pinocytosis/endocytosis transporting across the placenta
globulins, antibodies, virus,
what is bulk flow & solvent drag transporting across the placenta
water and electrolytes
what is accidental capillary breaks transporting across the placenta
intact blood cells
what is independence movement transporting across the placenta
maternal leukocytes and microorganisms
what is a diagnostic test
confirms the presence of disease or disorder
what is striae gravidarum
stretch marks
what is the fetal period
9 week- 38 week where additional growth and development of organs and body systems
what happens in week three of fetal development
primitive streak, development of notochord (helps vertebrae development), differation of three germ layers
what happens in the vagina/vulva when pregnant
vaginal mucous thickens, rugae (ridges/wrinkles in vagina) become more prominent, increase leukorrhea (discharge), pH becomes more acidic
what is the Alpha-fetoprotein test - what do low/high levels mean
maternal blood sample, low levels may indicate trisomy 18 high levels may indicate neural tube defects
what is amnion fluid made by, how much is there
made by chorion and amnion it increases from 30 ml at 10 weeks to 350ml at 20 weeks to 800-1000ml at 37 weeks it is filtered and replaced every 4 hours by fetal breathing and kidney
what is the color. odor of amnion fluid
none
what is the function of amnion fluid
cushions, temp regulations, free movement, stops umbilical suppression
what is the pre-embryonic period
first 2 weeks after conception
what are the 1st prenatal labs
blood group, Rh factor, antibody screen, RpR/VDRL, HbSAG/HbSAB, CDC with differential, HIV, Sickle cell anemia, tb
what is Naegeles rule
can estimate DOB or EDB based on the last mensural cycle (if they have a 28 day cycle) add 7 days and 9 months to last mensural cycle
what happens in week 2 of fetal development
yolk sac develops, amniotic cavity appears, implantation of blastocyst complete
what are the presumptive ss of pregnancy
subjective- n/v, breast tenderness, missed period
what are the probable ss of pregnancy
objective- abd enlargement, hegars sign, goodell sign, chadwicks sign, positive pregnancy test
what are the positive ss of pregnancy
only 3 and only detected by examiner- ultrasound of fetus, fetal heart tone, fetal moments felt by qualified examiner
what is the amnion
thick membrane forms embryonic sac surrounding the fetus
what is the chronic villus sampling (cvs)
ultrasound guided needle aspiration of fetal tissue from placenta done at 8-13 weeks gestation
what are the risks of chronic villus sampling (cvs)
SAB, fetal limb reduction
what happens in week 4-7 of fetal development
embryonic disc forms into c shape, 4 limbs bud, eyes and ears begin to form, nervous system starts to develope
what is the embryonic period
3-8 week after conception greatest teratogen (any substance that can cause harm to fetus) differation of 3 germ layers
what are the 3 germ layers
Ectoderm - outer layer - skin, teeth, glands of mouth, nervous system
Endoderm - inner layer - epithelium of respiratory, digestive
Mesoderm- middle layer - connective tissue
what is included in the umbilical cord
2 arteries ( takes waste and co2), 1 vein (brings oxygen and nutrients
what is whartans jelly
connective tissue around arteries and vein in umbilical cord
what is an angioma
vascular spiders- tiny bluish arterioles in neck face arms and thorax
what happens in week 9-12 in fetal development
face recognizable at 10 weeks, external genitalia identifiable by 12 weeks, at 9 weeks liver serves as major site for RBC by 12 weeks spleen takes over urine production begins
what is deoxyribonucleic acid testing
prenatal testing for parents or postnatal testing for infant
what changes happen in the heart during pregnancy
heart shifts upwards and left
HR increases 10-15bpm, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic murmur
what do you do if you hear a systolic murmur on a pregnant patient
its normal, not a problem but should still be documented
what is the carrier screening
genetic testing to see if patients carry a specific trait to pass along to their children
what is the yolk sac
transfers nutrients to embryo during 2nd/3rd week , hematopoiesis occurs yolk sac incorporates into the umbilical cord
when does hematopoiesis occur
2nd/3rd week then gradually decreases at 8 weeks when fetal liver takes over and forms RBC
what is palmar erythema
red palms
what is preimplantation genetic diagnosis
genetic testing of IVF embryos, enabling identification of specific inheritable traits that can cause disease