Development and Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards
Central nervous system is composed of the:
Brain and spinal cord
In the formation of the neural tube, what comes from the embryonic ectoderm?
Germ Layer
Is an anatomic landmark that divides cells by function
Sulcus Limitans
In the Primary Vesicle Stage of brain development, located in the rostral end of the tube is the:
Prosencephalon
In the Primary Vesicle Stage of brain development, located in the middle is the:
Mesencephalon
In the Primary Vesicle Stage of brain development, located in the caudal end is the:
Rhombencephalon
How many bulges does the primary vesicle stage have?
Three bulges
How many bulges does the Secondary Vesicle Stage have?
Five bulges
Sulcus Limitans
1. Alar plate (dorsal portion): _______________ function
2. Basal plate (ventral portion): _______________ function
- Sensory
- Motor
Neural Crest derivatives are:
- Dorsal Root ganglia (or Spinal ganglion) = collection of cell bodies
- Sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves = can have a # of different functions
- Autonomic Ganglia = are in the walls of the viscera or the organs in the body
- Adrenal medulla
What comes from the expansion of the Prosencephalon?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
What are the Two bulges that have developed from the Rhombencephalon?
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
What becomes the cerebrum?
Telencephalon
What is the only division that does not form the brainstem?
Telencephalon
Cerebrum + Brainstem
Anatomic Brain
Forebrain + Midbrain + Hindbrain
Clinical Brain
Is a passage that connects each lateral ventricular to the midline portion of the system, which will be the Third Ventricle
Interventricular Foramen
The ventricle which is in the Telencephalon (Cerebrum), contains the interventricular foramen and connects to the third ventricle:
Lateral Ventricles
Where is the Third Ventricle located?
Diencephalon
Where is the Mesencephalic aqueduct passing through?
Mesencephalon
The ventricle is known as the Rhomboid Fossa (because of its shape), located deep to the cerebellum and spans to brainstem divisions (metencephalon and myelencephalon):
Fourth Ventricle
What is the lateral (apertures) opening of the Fourth Ventricle called?
Foramina of Luschka
What is the median aperture of the Fourth Ventricle?
Foramen of Magendie
Neural Tube to Brain Transition is caused by:
Brain Flexures
A neural tube layer known as the marginal layer (most superficial) with continued growth and development into the adult stage turns into the __________________ of the spinal cord layer.
White Matter
A neural tube layer known as the mantle layer with continued growth and development into the adult stage turns into the __________________ of the spinal cord layer.
Grey Matter
A neural tube layer known as the germinal layer (surrounds the hollowed cavity of the developing neural tube) with continued growth and development into the adult stage turns into the __________________ of the spinal cord layer.
Ependymal Cells
On the surface of the spinal cord, you will find:
Bundles of White Matter
On the surface of the spinal cord: Bundle of white matter
- a LARGE bundle is called a ______________
- a SMALL bundle is called a ______________
- Bundles of white matter, i.e. nerve fibers, form various tracts
- tracts carry information up and down the spinal cord
- Funiculus
- Fasciculus
Under the surface of the spinal cord, you will find:
Gray Matter
Under the surface of the spinal cord: Gray Matter
- Gray ___________ also known as gray _______________
(1) horns
(2) columns
Which of the following is not neatly divided into distinct layers?
a. brain
b. spinal cord
Brain
In the brain the white matter is located:
under the surface
In the brain the gray matter is located:
on the surface AND under the surface
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of:
Cell bodies and cell processes
PNS
- Cell bodies form the _____________
- Nerve Fibers represent _____________
- Ganglia
- Cell Processes
What represents the cell bodies of various neurons?
Gray matter of THE PNS
Cell processes form the_______________ in the PNS
White Matter
Cell processes or axons form the _____________
nerve fibers
Implies a sensory function to the nerve, cell body or fiber
Afferent
refers to the body structures
Somatic
(example: General Somatic Afferent, Special Somatic Afferent & General Somatic Efferent)
viscera or body organs
Visceral
(example: Special Visceral Afferent, General Visceral Afferent, General Visceral Efferent & Special Visceral Efferent)
motor fibers (aka. motor innervations)
Efferent
