1B. Topographic Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the Myelencephalon?
- Trapezoid body (rostral limit)
- First Cervical Spinal Nerve (caudal limit)
On the Ventral Surface of the Myelencephalon, what are you seeing? And to what system does it belong?
- Trapezoid body = auditory system
- Pyramids = Pyramidal motor system
- Olive = site of synapse in extrapyramidal motor system
Myelencephalon serves as the attachment site for cranial nerves ____ through ______
VI, XII
On the Dorsal surface of the Myelencephalon, the fasciculus gracilis is a pathway that is coming from the ____________ areas of the body
Pelvic Limb
(Conscious Proprioception)
On the Dorsal surface of the Myelencephalon, the fasciculus cuneatus is a pathway that is coming from the ____________ areas of the body
Thoracic Limb
(Conscious Proprioception)
On the Dorsal surface of the Myelencephalon, the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve is a pathway that is coming from the ____________ areas of the body
head and face
(pain and temperature sensation)
On the Dorsal surface of the Myelencephalon, there is an angle that forms in the caudal aspect of the ____________
- Obex is the topographic term for this
Fourth Ventricle
Myelencephalon Ventricle System:
- Caudal Half Rhomboid Fossa
Fourth Ventricle
Myelencephalon Ventricle System:
- Thin Layer of Ependyma and Pia Matter
Caudal Medullary
Myelencephalon Ventricle System:
Groove at the junction of Lateral Wall and Floor of the ventricle
Sulcus Limitans
Myelencephalon Ventricle System:
Continuation from the spinal cord in the midline of the ventricle floor
Dorsal Medial Sulcus
Ventral Surface of Metencephalon:
Transverse Fibers of the pons:
- __________________ going into cerebellum
- Become ________________ cerebellar peduncle
- Pyramidal Motor Fibers
- Middle
Ventral Surface of Metencephalon:
Longitudinal Fibers of the pons (deep to transverse fibers of the pons)
- _______________________ going through brainstem and into spinal cord
Pyramidal Motor Fibers
Metencephalon serves as the attachment site for cranial nerve _______
V
On the Dorsal Surface of the Metencephalon, you will find:
- Cerebellum
- Crerebellar Peduncles
On the Dorsal Surface of the Metencephalon, you will find:
- Cerebellum
- Crerebellar Peduncles
- Coordinates, integrates, and regulates motor activity with sensory information
Cerebellum
- Three pairs
- Connects cerebellum to brainstem
Cerebellar Peduncles
Ventricular System of Metencephalon:
- Cranial Half Rhomboid Fossa
Fourth ventricle
Ventricular System of Metencephalon:
- Thin layer of ependyma and pia matter
Rostral medullary velum
Ventricular System of Metencephalon:
- Groove at junction of lateral wall and floor of ventricle
Sulcus Limitans
Ventricular System of Metencephalon:
- Continuation from the spinal cord in the midline of the ventricle floor
Dorsal median sulcus
Name the boundaries of the Mesencephalon.
- rostral limit
- caudal limit
- Diencephalon
- Metencephalon
On the ventral surface of the Mesencephalon, you can see:
- Crus Cerebri
* left and right bundles
* descending Pyramidal Motor Pathway - Interpenduncular Fossa
* space between the left and right crus cerbri
Cranial Nerves associated with the midbrain (Mesencephalon) are Cranial Nerves ________ & _________
III & IV (of to the side, smaller bundle)
Which is the only cranial nerve that exits from the Dorsal surface of the brainstem?
Cranial Nerve IV
On the Dorsal Surface of the Mesencephalon you can find:
- Corpora Quadrigemina
On the Dorsal Surface of the Mesencephalon: Corpora Quadrigemina (site of information synapse)
- Rostral colliculus: paired
___________________ reflexes
- Caudal colliculus: paired
___________________ reflexes
- Visual
- Auditory
Ventricular System of the Mesencephalon:
- Mesencephalic Aqueduct: the “O” in the middle
- The dorsal portion of the mesencephalon is the ____________
Tectum
Ventricular System of the Mesencephalon:
- Mesencephalic Aqueduct: the “O” in the middle
- The Ventral portion of the mesencephalon is the ___________
Tegmentum
List the Five Subdivisions of the Diencephalon (Forebrain):
1- Thalamus
2- Epithalamus
3- Metathalamus
4- Subthalamus
5- Hypothalamus
What is the rostral end of the Brainstem?
Diencephalon
How would we define the boundaries of the Diencephalon?
- Rostral Limit
- Caudal Limit
- Optic Chiasm (band of tissue)
- Mammillary Bodies (two bumps)
Ventral Surfaces of the Diencephalon (there are 4)
- site of synapse for autonomic nervous system and emotion
mamillary bodies
Ventral Surfaces of the Diencephalon (there are 4)
- site of attachment for pituitary gland
Tuber Cinereum
Ventral Surfaces of the Diencephalon (there are 4)
- Site of decussation (crossing) for optic nerve (cranial nerve II)
Optic Chiasm
Ventral Surfaces of the Diencephalon (there are 4)
- Visual pathway over lateral surface
Optic Tract
Which cranial nerves are associated with the Diencephalon?
Cranial Nerve II
Dorsal aspect of the Diencephalon (there are 3)
- melatonin to regulate sleep patterns and circadian rhythm
Pineal body
Dorsal aspect of the Diencephalon (there are 3)
- termination of the optic tract; synapse
lateral geniculate body
Dorsal aspect of the Diencephalon (there are 3)
- site of synapse in the auditory pathway
Medial geniculate body
Metathalamus is composed of the:
lateral and medial geniculate bodies
Diencephalon Ventricular System:
- Circular Shape
- Connected to lateral ventricle via interventricular foramen
- surrounds inter thalamic adhesion
Third Ventricle
On the Ventral Surface of the Telencephalon you can see:
- site of synapse in olfactory pathway = ______________
- Olfactory Cortex = ______________
- Olfactory bulb
- Piriform lobe
The cranial nerve of the Telencephalon is:
Cranial Nerve I
On the Dorsal Surface of the Telencephalon you can see:
- multiple ridges = ______________
- grooves = _____________
- left and right __________
- dorsal longitudinal fissure
- gyrus, gyri
- sulcus, sulci
- cerebral hemispheres
The Ventricular system of the Telencephalon:
- lateral ventricles (left and right)
- interventricular foramen (connects to the third ventricle)
The cerebral spinal fluid is going the flow from __________ to ___________ through the ventricular system
rostral, caudal
What is shorter, the spinal cord or the vertebral canal?
spinal cord
In which species does the spinal cord stop at the level of the Fifth Lumbar Vertebra?
Canine
In which species does the spinal cord stop at the level of S1 or 2 back at the sacrum?
Equine
In which species does the spinal cord stop at the level of L6?
Bovine
Feline
Refers to the enlargement because it is the area of the Brachial Plexus, at the level of spinal cord C6, 7, 8, T1 and 2
Cervical Intumescence
Corresponds to the level of the lumbar-sacral plexus, is about at the level of L5 to S1
Lumbar Intumescence
end of the Spinal Cord
Conus Medullaris
extends from the Conus Medullaris, is that short extension of the connective tissue covering the terminal part of the spinal cord or conus medullaris
Filum Terminale
The tail of the horse, located in the terminal part of the vertebral canal and is formed by all of the nerve roots as they pass in a caudal direction for their segmental distribution as the spinal nerves throughout the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal areas
Cauda Equina
Spinal roots: How many for each spinal nerve?
Two
(dorsal and ventral root)
Spinal Nerve Rootlets: __________- for each spinal nerve
many
We can describe the white matter of the spinal cord as:
- dorsal funiculus
- lateral funiculus
- ventral funiculus
We can describe the gray matter of the spinal cord as:
- dorsal horn (sensory function)
- ventral horn (motor function)
- lateral horn
