Development

Question 1

The stages of cognitive development for infants and toddlers according to Piaget are:

Answer 1

Sensorimotor Stages:

-Reflexive Schemes: newborn reflexes

Primary Circular Reactions: simple motor habits centered around own body

Secondary Circular Reactions: Repeat interesting effects in soundings

Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions: intentional, goal-directed behavior, object permanence

Tertiary Circular Reactions: explore properties of objects through novel actions

Mental Represenations: internal depictions of objects or events - deferred imitation

Question 2

What are some classroom considerations for infants and toddlers with cognitive disabilities?

Answer 2

large motor activities - balance, walking, crawling, rolling, etc. (stretching, rotating bodies, scooting and jumping)

mult-sensory: include different textures, sounds, and visually stimulating patterns and toys

object permance: activities that promote

causality materials: toys and objects that cause things to happen

pretend play toys

Question 3

What is an example for symbolic thought in terms of language?

Answer 3

simple words stand for actions, persons and objects

Question 4

What is an example of symbolic thought in terms of play?

Answer 4

use objects to represent something else

Question 5

What are examples of symbolic thought in terms of writing?

Answer 5

drawing and scribbling may represent stories and events

Question 6

What is dynamic systems theory?

Answer 6

A theory that holds that motor action, cognitive development, and behavior are all part of a single dynamic system in the brain: motor development and brain growth are interrelated

Question 7

What is inhibitory control?

Answer 7

Activity in the brain that helps children to control their impulses, pay attentioni, and avoid distractions while learning

Question 8

What are some strategies to stimulate brain development in infants?

Answer 8

• create play environments that promote motor development at different levels of competence
• provide interesting and safe toys that appeal to more than one sense
• integrate cultural games and toys
• talk, sing, read, and play (avoid overstimulation)
• use warm, physical touch and respond quickly to needs